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Molecular Characterization of Toxoplasma gondii in Cats and Its Zoonotic Potential for Public Health Significance
Toxoplasmosis is a globally distributed disease of warm-blooded animals. It is caused by the opportunistic parasite ( ). One-third of the global human population is believed to be infected with . Cats serve as final host of and are the main source of contamination of soil and water. This study aimed...
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| Published in: | Pathogens (Basel) 2022-04, Vol.11 (4), p.437 |
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| creator | Abdul Hafeez, Mian Mehdi, Muntazir Aslam, Faiza Ashraf, Kamran Aleem, Muhammad Tahir Khalid, Abdur Rauf Sattar, Adeel Waheed, Syeda Fakhra Alouffi, Abdulaziz Alharbi, Omar Obaid Shabbir, Muhammad Abu Bakr Chaudhry, Umer Almutairi, Mashal M |
| description | Toxoplasmosis is a globally distributed disease of warm-blooded animals. It is caused by the opportunistic parasite
(
). One-third of the global human population is believed to be infected with
. Cats serve as final host of
and are the main source of contamination of soil and water. This study aimed to detect genotypes of
in cats. Fecal samples (n = 400) were collected from districts of South Punjab (Khanewal and Sahiwal), and were processed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. The obtained oligonucleotide sequences (
) were submitted to the GenBank database, and the evolutionary tree was constructed using MEGA-X software. Seven fecal samples (3.5%) from cats were positive. Five out of thirteen fecal samples (38.46%) found to be positive for
with microscopy were confirmed by PCR. After phylogenetic analysis with 3 clonal types and atypical strains, isolates of
in current study were more closely linked to a typical strain (AF249696). Besides genotyping from cats, seroprevalence from humans and ruminants is still considered to be the best and easiest way to identify the
. Blood samples were collected from sheep and goats (n = 2000 each), and human blood samples (n = 400) were collected from the same vicinity. Seroprevalence was determined using a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. In Khanewal, the blood samples of 292 goats (29.2%) and 265 sheep (26.5%), and 6 fecal samples from cats (3%) were positive. Out of 200 human blood samples, 52 were positive, with a seroprevalence of 26%. In the Sahiwal district, the blood samples from 49 humans, 235 sheep and 348 goats were positive, with seroprevalence of 24.5%, 23.5% and 34.8%, respectively. The present study revealed the current circulating genotype of
from cats in the districts Khanewal and Sahiwal and the seroprevalence of the organism in small ruminants and humans living in the same vicinity. Further genotype analyses of the organism from ruminants and humans are needed. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.3390/pathogens11040437 |
| format | article |
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(
). One-third of the global human population is believed to be infected with
. Cats serve as final host of
and are the main source of contamination of soil and water. This study aimed to detect genotypes of
in cats. Fecal samples (n = 400) were collected from districts of South Punjab (Khanewal and Sahiwal), and were processed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. The obtained oligonucleotide sequences (
) were submitted to the GenBank database, and the evolutionary tree was constructed using MEGA-X software. Seven fecal samples (3.5%) from cats were positive. Five out of thirteen fecal samples (38.46%) found to be positive for
with microscopy were confirmed by PCR. After phylogenetic analysis with 3 clonal types and atypical strains, isolates of
in current study were more closely linked to a typical strain (AF249696). Besides genotyping from cats, seroprevalence from humans and ruminants is still considered to be the best and easiest way to identify the
. Blood samples were collected from sheep and goats (n = 2000 each), and human blood samples (n = 400) were collected from the same vicinity. Seroprevalence was determined using a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. In Khanewal, the blood samples of 292 goats (29.2%) and 265 sheep (26.5%), and 6 fecal samples from cats (3%) were positive. Out of 200 human blood samples, 52 were positive, with a seroprevalence of 26%. In the Sahiwal district, the blood samples from 49 humans, 235 sheep and 348 goats were positive, with seroprevalence of 24.5%, 23.5% and 34.8%, respectively. The present study revealed the current circulating genotype of
from cats in the districts Khanewal and Sahiwal and the seroprevalence of the organism in small ruminants and humans living in the same vicinity. Further genotype analyses of the organism from ruminants and humans are needed.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2076-0817</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2076-0817</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11040437</identifier><identifier>PMID: 35456112</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Switzerland: MDPI AG</publisher><subject>Animal diseases ; Animals ; Antibodies ; Blood ; Cats ; Contamination ; Disease ; Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ; Feces ; Food ; Genotypes ; Genotyping ; Goats ; Homeotherms ; Human populations ; Infections ; Laboratories ; Microscopy ; Oligonucleotides ; Parasites ; Parasitology ; Pathogens ; PCR ; phylogenetic analysis ; Phylogenetics ; Phylogeny ; Polymerase chain reaction ; Protozoa ; Public health ; Serology ; seroprevalence ; Sheep ; Soil contamination ; Soil pollution ; Soil water ; Toxoplasma gondii ; Toxoplasmosis ; Zoonoses</subject><ispartof>Pathogens (Basel), 2022-04, Vol.11 (4), p.437</ispartof><rights>2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2022 by the authors. 2022</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c493t-f2ecaf482511e3c29d51f89d9f3f12497eb05b910a5f68669a4627998b32a7ca3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c493t-f2ecaf482511e3c29d51f89d9f3f12497eb05b910a5f68669a4627998b32a7ca3</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-2782-8006 ; 0000-0001-8863-3870</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.proquest.com/docview/2653007638/fulltextPDF?pq-origsite=primo$$EPDF$$P50$$Gproquest$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.proquest.com/docview/2653007638?pq-origsite=primo$$EHTML$$P50$$Gproquest$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,885,25753,27924,27925,37012,37013,44590,53791,53793,74998</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35456112$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Abdul Hafeez, Mian</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mehdi, Muntazir</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Aslam, Faiza</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ashraf, Kamran</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Aleem, Muhammad Tahir</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Khalid, Abdur Rauf</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sattar, Adeel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Waheed, Syeda Fakhra</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Alouffi, Abdulaziz</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Alharbi, Omar Obaid</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shabbir, Muhammad Abu Bakr</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chaudhry, Umer</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Almutairi, Mashal M</creatorcontrib><title>Molecular Characterization of Toxoplasma gondii in Cats and Its Zoonotic Potential for Public Health Significance</title><title>Pathogens (Basel)</title><addtitle>Pathogens</addtitle><description>Toxoplasmosis is a globally distributed disease of warm-blooded animals. It is caused by the opportunistic parasite
(
). One-third of the global human population is believed to be infected with
. Cats serve as final host of
and are the main source of contamination of soil and water. This study aimed to detect genotypes of
in cats. Fecal samples (n = 400) were collected from districts of South Punjab (Khanewal and Sahiwal), and were processed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. The obtained oligonucleotide sequences (
) were submitted to the GenBank database, and the evolutionary tree was constructed using MEGA-X software. Seven fecal samples (3.5%) from cats were positive. Five out of thirteen fecal samples (38.46%) found to be positive for
with microscopy were confirmed by PCR. After phylogenetic analysis with 3 clonal types and atypical strains, isolates of
in current study were more closely linked to a typical strain (AF249696). Besides genotyping from cats, seroprevalence from humans and ruminants is still considered to be the best and easiest way to identify the
. Blood samples were collected from sheep and goats (n = 2000 each), and human blood samples (n = 400) were collected from the same vicinity. Seroprevalence was determined using a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. In Khanewal, the blood samples of 292 goats (29.2%) and 265 sheep (26.5%), and 6 fecal samples from cats (3%) were positive. Out of 200 human blood samples, 52 were positive, with a seroprevalence of 26%. In the Sahiwal district, the blood samples from 49 humans, 235 sheep and 348 goats were positive, with seroprevalence of 24.5%, 23.5% and 34.8%, respectively. The present study revealed the current circulating genotype of
from cats in the districts Khanewal and Sahiwal and the seroprevalence of the organism in small ruminants and humans living in the same vicinity. Further genotype analyses of the organism from ruminants and humans are needed.</description><subject>Animal diseases</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Antibodies</subject><subject>Blood</subject><subject>Cats</subject><subject>Contamination</subject><subject>Disease</subject><subject>Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay</subject><subject>Feces</subject><subject>Food</subject><subject>Genotypes</subject><subject>Genotyping</subject><subject>Goats</subject><subject>Homeotherms</subject><subject>Human populations</subject><subject>Infections</subject><subject>Laboratories</subject><subject>Microscopy</subject><subject>Oligonucleotides</subject><subject>Parasites</subject><subject>Parasitology</subject><subject>Pathogens</subject><subject>PCR</subject><subject>phylogenetic analysis</subject><subject>Phylogenetics</subject><subject>Phylogeny</subject><subject>Polymerase chain reaction</subject><subject>Protozoa</subject><subject>Public health</subject><subject>Serology</subject><subject>seroprevalence</subject><subject>Sheep</subject><subject>Soil contamination</subject><subject>Soil pollution</subject><subject>Soil water</subject><subject>Toxoplasma gondii</subject><subject>Toxoplasmosis</subject><subject>Zoonoses</subject><issn>2076-0817</issn><issn>2076-0817</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2022</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>PIMPY</sourceid><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNplks9vFCEUxydGY5vaP8CLIfHiZZVfMwMXE7Op7SY1NrFevJA3DMyyYWELjNH-9bLd2rTK5cHj-z55D75N85rg94xJ_GEHZR0nEzIhmGPO-mfNMcV9t8CC9M8f7Y-a05w3uC6B9-eXzRFredsRQo-bmy_RGz17SGi5hgS6mORuobgYULToOv6KOw95C2iKYXQOuYCWUDKCMKJVjT9iDLE4ja5iMaE48MjGhK7mwdfkhQFf1uibm4KzTkPQ5lXzwoLP5vQ-njTfP59dLy8Wl1_PV8tPlwvNJSsLS40GywVtCTFMUzm2xAo5SsssoVz2ZsDtIAmG1nai6yTwjvZSioFR6DWwk2Z14I4RNmqX3BbSbxXBqbtETJOCVBv3RgE1nZR20HoQfLRMikqmox4H05pB2Mr6eGDt5mFrRl0HTeCfQJ_eBLdWU_ypJKYdb9sKeHcPSPFmNrmorcvaeA_BxDkr2rWc9oIwUaVv_5Fu4pxCfaq9iuH6rXcqclDpFHNOxj40Q7Da-0P9549a8-bxFA8Vf93A_gC9zrqM</recordid><startdate>20220404</startdate><enddate>20220404</enddate><creator>Abdul Hafeez, Mian</creator><creator>Mehdi, Muntazir</creator><creator>Aslam, Faiza</creator><creator>Ashraf, Kamran</creator><creator>Aleem, Muhammad Tahir</creator><creator>Khalid, Abdur Rauf</creator><creator>Sattar, Adeel</creator><creator>Waheed, Syeda Fakhra</creator><creator>Alouffi, Abdulaziz</creator><creator>Alharbi, Omar Obaid</creator><creator>Shabbir, Muhammad Abu Bakr</creator><creator>Chaudhry, Umer</creator><creator>Almutairi, Mashal M</creator><general>MDPI AG</general><general>MDPI</general><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7T7</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><scope>DOA</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2782-8006</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8863-3870</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20220404</creationdate><title>Molecular Characterization of Toxoplasma gondii in Cats and Its Zoonotic Potential for Public Health Significance</title><author>Abdul Hafeez, Mian ; Mehdi, Muntazir ; Aslam, Faiza ; Ashraf, Kamran ; Aleem, Muhammad Tahir ; Khalid, Abdur Rauf ; Sattar, Adeel ; Waheed, Syeda Fakhra ; Alouffi, Abdulaziz ; Alharbi, Omar Obaid ; Shabbir, Muhammad Abu Bakr ; Chaudhry, Umer ; Almutairi, Mashal M</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c493t-f2ecaf482511e3c29d51f89d9f3f12497eb05b910a5f68669a4627998b32a7ca3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2022</creationdate><topic>Animal diseases</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Antibodies</topic><topic>Blood</topic><topic>Cats</topic><topic>Contamination</topic><topic>Disease</topic><topic>Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay</topic><topic>Feces</topic><topic>Food</topic><topic>Genotypes</topic><topic>Genotyping</topic><topic>Goats</topic><topic>Homeotherms</topic><topic>Human populations</topic><topic>Infections</topic><topic>Laboratories</topic><topic>Microscopy</topic><topic>Oligonucleotides</topic><topic>Parasites</topic><topic>Parasitology</topic><topic>Pathogens</topic><topic>PCR</topic><topic>phylogenetic analysis</topic><topic>Phylogenetics</topic><topic>Phylogeny</topic><topic>Polymerase chain reaction</topic><topic>Protozoa</topic><topic>Public health</topic><topic>Serology</topic><topic>seroprevalence</topic><topic>Sheep</topic><topic>Soil contamination</topic><topic>Soil pollution</topic><topic>Soil water</topic><topic>Toxoplasma gondii</topic><topic>Toxoplasmosis</topic><topic>Zoonoses</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Abdul Hafeez, Mian</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mehdi, Muntazir</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Aslam, Faiza</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ashraf, Kamran</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Aleem, Muhammad Tahir</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Khalid, Abdur Rauf</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sattar, Adeel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Waheed, Syeda Fakhra</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Alouffi, Abdulaziz</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Alharbi, Omar Obaid</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shabbir, Muhammad Abu Bakr</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chaudhry, Umer</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Almutairi, Mashal M</creatorcontrib><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Industrial and Applied Microbiology Abstracts (Microbiology A)</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>AUTh Library subscriptions: ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection (Proquest) (PQ_SDU_P3)</collection><collection>Biological Sciences</collection><collection>Biological Science Database</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content Database (Proquest) (PQ_SDU_P3)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>DOAJÂ Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>Pathogens (Basel)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Abdul Hafeez, Mian</au><au>Mehdi, Muntazir</au><au>Aslam, Faiza</au><au>Ashraf, Kamran</au><au>Aleem, Muhammad Tahir</au><au>Khalid, Abdur Rauf</au><au>Sattar, Adeel</au><au>Waheed, Syeda Fakhra</au><au>Alouffi, Abdulaziz</au><au>Alharbi, Omar Obaid</au><au>Shabbir, Muhammad Abu Bakr</au><au>Chaudhry, Umer</au><au>Almutairi, Mashal M</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Molecular Characterization of Toxoplasma gondii in Cats and Its Zoonotic Potential for Public Health Significance</atitle><jtitle>Pathogens (Basel)</jtitle><addtitle>Pathogens</addtitle><date>2022-04-04</date><risdate>2022</risdate><volume>11</volume><issue>4</issue><spage>437</spage><pages>437-</pages><issn>2076-0817</issn><eissn>2076-0817</eissn><abstract>Toxoplasmosis is a globally distributed disease of warm-blooded animals. It is caused by the opportunistic parasite
(
). One-third of the global human population is believed to be infected with
. Cats serve as final host of
and are the main source of contamination of soil and water. This study aimed to detect genotypes of
in cats. Fecal samples (n = 400) were collected from districts of South Punjab (Khanewal and Sahiwal), and were processed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. The obtained oligonucleotide sequences (
) were submitted to the GenBank database, and the evolutionary tree was constructed using MEGA-X software. Seven fecal samples (3.5%) from cats were positive. Five out of thirteen fecal samples (38.46%) found to be positive for
with microscopy were confirmed by PCR. After phylogenetic analysis with 3 clonal types and atypical strains, isolates of
in current study were more closely linked to a typical strain (AF249696). Besides genotyping from cats, seroprevalence from humans and ruminants is still considered to be the best and easiest way to identify the
. Blood samples were collected from sheep and goats (n = 2000 each), and human blood samples (n = 400) were collected from the same vicinity. Seroprevalence was determined using a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. In Khanewal, the blood samples of 292 goats (29.2%) and 265 sheep (26.5%), and 6 fecal samples from cats (3%) were positive. Out of 200 human blood samples, 52 were positive, with a seroprevalence of 26%. In the Sahiwal district, the blood samples from 49 humans, 235 sheep and 348 goats were positive, with seroprevalence of 24.5%, 23.5% and 34.8%, respectively. The present study revealed the current circulating genotype of
from cats in the districts Khanewal and Sahiwal and the seroprevalence of the organism in small ruminants and humans living in the same vicinity. Further genotype analyses of the organism from ruminants and humans are needed.</abstract><cop>Switzerland</cop><pub>MDPI AG</pub><pmid>35456112</pmid><doi>10.3390/pathogens11040437</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2782-8006</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8863-3870</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Pathogens (Basel), 2022-04, Vol.11 (4), p.437 |
| issn | 2076-0817 2076-0817 |
| language | eng |
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| source | PubMed (Medline); Publicly Available Content Database (Proquest) (PQ_SDU_P3) |
| subjects | Animal diseases Animals Antibodies Blood Cats Contamination Disease Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay Feces Food Genotypes Genotyping Goats Homeotherms Human populations Infections Laboratories Microscopy Oligonucleotides Parasites Parasitology Pathogens PCR phylogenetic analysis Phylogenetics Phylogeny Polymerase chain reaction Protozoa Public health Serology seroprevalence Sheep Soil contamination Soil pollution Soil water Toxoplasma gondii Toxoplasmosis Zoonoses |
| title | Molecular Characterization of Toxoplasma gondii in Cats and Its Zoonotic Potential for Public Health Significance |
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