Structural Evolution and Electrical Properties of BaTiO3 Doped with Gd3

• Published in: Materials research (São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil) São Paulo, Brazil), 2017-03, Vol.20 (2), p.538-542
• Main Authors: Hernández Lara, Juan Pablo, Pérez Labra, Miguel, Barrientos Hernández, Francisco Raúl, Romero Serrano, Jose Antonio, Ávila Dávila, Erika Osiris, Thangarasu, Pandiyan, Hernández Ramirez, Aurelio
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: BaTiO3; Dielectric; ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL; Gd3; MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY; METALLURGY & METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING
• ISSN: 1516-1439; 1980-5373; 1980-5373
• DOI: 10.1590/1980-5373-mr-2016-0606

BaTiO3 doped with Gd3+ (Ba1-xGdxTi1-x/4O3) was synthesized using the solid-state reaction method with x = 0.001, 0.003, 0.005, 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, 0.20, 0.25, 0.30, and 0.35 Gd3+ (wt. %). The powders were decarbonated at 900 ºC and sintered at 1400 ºC for 8 hours. The tetragonality of the synthesized Gd3+-doped BaTiO3 particles was analyzed. XRD patterns and Raman spectra revealed that the crystal phase of the obtained particles was predominately tetragonal BaTiO3; the intensity of the Raman bands at 205 cm−1, 265 cm−1, and 304 cm−1 decreased when Gd3+ was increased. A secondary phase (Gd2Ti2O7) was found when the Gd3+ content was higher than 0.15 wt. %. The capacitance of the sintering pellets was measured at 1 kHz; these values were used to calculate the relative permittivity, the maximum permittivity values were recorded for the samples with x = 0.001, 0.005, and 0.1.