Phase-Separated Subcellular Compartmentation and Related Human Diseases

In live cells, proteins and nucleic acids can associate together through multivalent interactions, and form relatively isolated phases that undertake designated biological functions and activities. In the past decade, liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) has gradually been recognized as a general m...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:International journal of molecular sciences 2022-05, Vol.23 (10), p.5491
Main Authors: Zhang, Lin, Wang, Shubo, Wang, Wenmeng, Shi, Jinming, Stovall, Daniel B, Li, Dangdang, Sui, Guangchao
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Alzheimer's disease
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Biological activity
Biomolecules
Cancer
Compartmentation
Condensates
human diseases
Liquid phases
liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS)
membraneless organelles
Mutation
Nucleic acids
Organelles
Phase separation
phase-separated condensates
Physiology
Polyethylene glycol
Proteins
Regulatory proteins
Review
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Summary:In live cells, proteins and nucleic acids can associate together through multivalent interactions, and form relatively isolated phases that undertake designated biological functions and activities. In the past decade, liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) has gradually been recognized as a general mechanism for the intracellular organization of biomolecules. LLPS regulates the assembly and composition of dozens of membraneless organelles and condensates in cells. Due to the altered physiological conditions or genetic mutations, phase-separated condensates may undergo aberrant formation, maturation or gelation that contributes to the onset and progression of various diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders and cancers. In this review, we summarize the properties of different membraneless organelles and condensates, and discuss multiple phase separation-regulated biological processes. Based on the dysregulation and mutations of several key regulatory proteins and signaling pathways, we also exemplify how aberrantly regulated LLPS may contribute to human diseases.
ISSN:1422-0067
1661-6596
1422-0067
DOI:10.3390/ijms23105491