Pathophysiology of CD4+ T-Cell Depletion in HIV-1 and HIV-2 Infections

The hall mark of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is a gradual loss of CD4+ T-cells and imbalance in CD4+ T-cell homeostasis, with progressive impairment of immunity that leads ultimately to death. HIV infection in humans is caused by two related yet distinct viruses: HIV-1 and HIV-2. HI...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Frontiers in immunology 2017-05, Vol.8, p.580-580
Main Authors: Vidya Vijayan, K K, Karthigeyan, Krithika Priyadarshini, Tripathi, Srikanth P, Hanna, Luke Elizabeth
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
CD4+ T-cell
HIV-1
HIV-2
immune activation
Immunology
pyroptosis
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Summary:The hall mark of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is a gradual loss of CD4+ T-cells and imbalance in CD4+ T-cell homeostasis, with progressive impairment of immunity that leads ultimately to death. HIV infection in humans is caused by two related yet distinct viruses: HIV-1 and HIV-2. HIV-2 is typically less virulent than HIV-1 and permits the host to mount a more effective and sustained T-cell immunity. Although both infections manifest the same clinical spectrum, the much lower rate of CD4+ T-cell decline and slower progression of disease in HIV-2 infected individuals have grabbed the attention of several researchers. Here, we review the most recent findings on the differential rate of decline of CD4+ T-cell in HIV-1 and HIV-2 infections and provide plausible reasons for the observed differences between the two groups.
ISSN:1664-3224
1664-3224
DOI:10.3389/fimmu.2017.00580