Fundamental Concepts of Bipolar and High-Density Surface EMG Understanding and Teaching for Clinical, Occupational, and Sport Applications: Origin, Detection, and Main Errors

Surface electromyography (sEMG) has been the subject of thousands of scientific articles, but many barriers limit its clinical applications. Previous work has indicated that the lack of time, competence, training, and teaching is the main barrier to the clinical application of sEMG. This work follow...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) Switzerland), 2022-05, Vol.22 (11), p.4150
Main Authors: Campanini, Isabella, Merlo, Andrea, Disselhorst-Klug, Catherine, Mesin, Luca, Muceli, Silvia, Merletti, Roberto
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
conduction velocity
Crosstalk
Electrocardiography
Electrodes
Electroencephalography
Electromyography
Ergonomics
Gait
high-density surface EMG
modeling
Operators (mathematics)
Physiology
Review
Scientific papers
surface electromyography
surface EMG signal
Teaching
Velocity
volume conductor
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Summary:Surface electromyography (sEMG) has been the subject of thousands of scientific articles, but many barriers limit its clinical applications. Previous work has indicated that the lack of time, competence, training, and teaching is the main barrier to the clinical application of sEMG. This work follows up and presents a number of analogies, metaphors, and simulations using physical and mathematical models that provide tools for teaching sEMG detection by means of electrode pairs (1D signals) and electrode grids (2D and 3D signals). The basic mechanisms of sEMG generation are summarized and the features of the sensing system (electrode location, size, interelectrode distance, crosstalk, etc.) are illustrated (mostly by animations) with examples that teachers can use. The most common, as well as some potential, applications are illustrated in the areas of signal presentation, gait analysis, the optimal injection of botulinum toxin, neurorehabilitation, ergonomics, obstetrics, occupational medicine, and sport sciences. The work is primarily focused on correct sEMG detection and on crosstalk. Issues related to the clinical transfer of innovations are also discussed, as well as the need for training new clinical and/or technical operators in the field of sEMG.
ISSN:1424-8220
1424-8220
DOI:10.3390/s22114150