Factors influencing occurrence of peritonitis in Saudi children on peritoneal dialysis

• Published in: BMC pediatrics 2020-01, Vol.20 (1), p.42-42, Article 42
• Main Authors: Al Mokali, Khamisa, Al Sannaa, Zahra, Al Mutairi, Faten, Ahmed, Anwar E
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Acute kidney failure; Acute kidney injury; Age; Albumin; Antibiotics; Care and treatment; Catheters; Children; Clinical practice guidelines; Complications and side effects; Demographic aspects; Effluents; Genetic disorders; Medical research; Nephrotic syndrome; Neutrophils; Patients; Pediatric diseases; Peritoneal dialysis; Peritonitis; Risk factors; Socioeconomic factors
• ISSN: 1471-2431; 1471-2431
• DOI: 10.1186/s12887-020-1936-2

The peritonitis rate among children treated with peritoneal dialysis (PD) has not been widely reported in Saudi Arabia. The study aim was to estimate the peritonitis rate per patient-year and investigate the factors associated with higher peritonitis rates in a sample of PD children at King Abdullah Specialist Children's Hospital-Riyadh (KASCH-R), Saudi Arabia. This retrospective cohort study included 27 PD children treated between September 2007 and December 2017 at KASCH-R. We recorded the children's demographic and clinical data, and the frequency of peritonitis. The 27 PD children reviewed (63% girls; mean age = 7.32 years old; range, 1-14 years), resulted in 86 peritonitis diagnoses in which the overall recurrence rate (in at least one episode) was 58/86 (67.4%) with a 95% confidence interval (CI), 56.5 to 77.2%. The rate of peritonitis episodes per patient-year was 0.76 (1 episode per 1.31 patient-year). The generalized Poisson model identified older children (age >  10 years) (adjusted rate ratios [aRR] = 7.273, 95% CI: 1.562-33.860), congenital nephrosis (aRR = 4.677, 95% CI: 1.443-15.155), height below 3rd percentile (aRR = 4.689, 95% CI: 1.874-11.735), weight below 3rd percentile (aRR = 5.388, 95% CI: 1.678-17.302), low albumin level (aRR = 4.041, 95% CI: 2.053-7.956), two-week duration of antibiotic therapy (aRR = 2.947, 95% CI: 1.163-7.468), which were independently associated with a high peritonitis rate. This study showed a high peritonitis rate in our center. Older children, congenital nephrosis, height and weight below the 3rd percentile, low albumin level, and long duration of antibiotic therapy were associated with a higher rate of peritonitis. An optimal peritonitis prevention strategy or best-practice guideline is needed to reduce and prevent peritonitis occurrence in our center.