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The Role of Taurine in Mitochondria Health: More Than Just an Antioxidant

Taurine is a naturally occurring sulfur-containing amino acid that is found abundantly in excitatory tissues, such as the heart, brain, retina and skeletal muscles. Taurine was first isolated in the 1800s, but not much was known about this molecule until the 1990s. In 1985, taurine was first approve...

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Published in:	Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Switzerland), 2021-08, Vol.26 (16), p.4913
Main Authors:	Jong, Chian Ju, Sandal, Priyanka, Schaffer, Stephen W.
Format:	Article
Language:	English
Subjects:	5-taurinomethyluridine Aging Amino acids antioxidant Antioxidants Apoptosis Cardiomyopathy Cardiovascular diseases Congestive heart failure Diet Energy drinks Glycerol Heart failure Membranes Metabolic disorders Metabolic syndrome Mitochondria Mitochondrial DNA Muscles Neurological diseases Neurological disorders Oxidation Oxidative stress Phosphorylation Proteins Retina Review Skeletal muscle Sulfur Taurine
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creator	Jong, Chian Ju Sandal, Priyanka Schaffer, Stephen W.
description	Taurine is a naturally occurring sulfur-containing amino acid that is found abundantly in excitatory tissues, such as the heart, brain, retina and skeletal muscles. Taurine was first isolated in the 1800s, but not much was known about this molecule until the 1990s. In 1985, taurine was first approved as the treatment among heart failure patients in Japan. Accumulating studies have shown that taurine supplementation also protects against pathologies associated with mitochondrial defects, such as aging, mitochondrial diseases, metabolic syndrome, cancer, cardiovascular diseases and neurological disorders. In this review, we will provide a general overview on the mitochondria biology and the consequence of mitochondrial defects in pathologies. Then, we will discuss the antioxidant action of taurine, particularly in relation to the maintenance of mitochondria function. We will also describe several reported studies on the current use of taurine supplementation in several mitochondria-associated pathologies in humans.
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subjects	5-taurinomethyluridine Aging Amino acids antioxidant Antioxidants Apoptosis Cardiomyopathy Cardiovascular diseases Congestive heart failure Diet Energy drinks Glycerol Heart failure Membranes Metabolic disorders Metabolic syndrome Mitochondria Mitochondrial DNA Muscles Neurological diseases Neurological disorders Oxidation Oxidative stress Phosphorylation Proteins Retina Review Skeletal muscle Sulfur Taurine
title	The Role of Taurine in Mitochondria Health: More Than Just an Antioxidant
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