Antileishmanial and synergic effects of Rhanterium epapposum essential oil and its main compounds alone and combined with glucantime against Leishmania major infection

Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a widespread disease affecting both humans and animals globally. Currently, common treatments (e.g., glucantime (GC) for CL treatment have many side effects that limit their use. The current experimental study aims to assess the in vitro, in vivo, and potential mechan...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:International journal for parasitology -- drugs and drug resistance 2024-12, Vol.26, p.100571, Article 100571
Main Authors: Alanazi, Abdullah D., Alghabban, Areej Jameel
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Antiprotozoal Agents - pharmacology
Antiprotozoal Agents - therapeutic use
Drug Synergism
Drug Therapy, Combination
Female
Herbal medicines
In vitro
In vivo
Leishmania major - drug effects
Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous - drug therapy
Leishmanicidal
Leishmanisis
Macrophages - drug effects
Macrophages - parasitology
Meglumine - administration & dosage
Meglumine - pharmacology
Meglumine - therapeutic use
Meglumine Antimoniate - pharmacology
Meglumine Antimoniate - therapeutic use
Mice
Mice, Inbred BALB C
Nitric Oxide - metabolism
Oils, Volatile - pharmacology
Organometallic Compounds - pharmacology
Organometallic Compounds - therapeutic use
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Summary:Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a widespread disease affecting both humans and animals globally. Currently, common treatments (e.g., glucantime (GC) for CL treatment have many side effects that limit their use. The current experimental study aims to assess the in vitro, in vivo, and potential mechanisms of action of Rhanterium epapposum essential oil (REE) and its main compounds β-Myrcene (MC), camphene (CP), and limonene (LN) alone and in combination against Leishmania major. In vitro effects of REE and its main compounds were evaluated on amastigote forms, infection in macrophages cells stimulation of nitric oxide (NO), and stimulation of the cellular immunity in macrophages. In vivo efficacy of REE and its main constituents was also assessed in mice with CL through evaluating parasite burden, oxidative stress and proinflammatory-related genes. A concentration-dependent reduction in the average number of amastigotes was observed, with statistical significance (p 
ISSN:2211-3207
2211-3207
DOI:10.1016/j.ijpddr.2024.100571