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Golden ratio and self-similarity in swimming: breast-stroke and the back-stroke

Dynamics-on-graph concepts and generalized finite-length Fibonacci sequences have been used to characterize, from a temporal point of view, both human walking & running at a comfortable speed and front-crawl & butterfly swimming strokes at a middle/long distance pace. Such sequences, in whic...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Frontiers in human neuroscience 2023-07, Vol.17, p.1176866-1176866
Main Authors: Verrelli, Cristiano M, Romagnoli, Cristian, Colistra, Nicolò, Ferretti, Ivo, Annino, Giuseppe, Bonaiuto, Vincenzo, Manzi, Vincenzo
Format: Article
Language:English
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Summary:Dynamics-on-graph concepts and generalized finite-length Fibonacci sequences have been used to characterize, from a temporal point of view, both human walking & running at a comfortable speed and front-crawl & butterfly swimming strokes at a middle/long distance pace. Such sequences, in which the golden ratio plays a crucial role to describe self-similar patterns, have been found to be subtly experimentally exhibited by healthy (but not pathological) walking subjects and elite swimmers, in terms of durations of gait/stroke-subphases with a clear physical meaning. Corresponding quantitative indices have been able to unveil the resulting hidden time-harmonic and self-similar structures. In this study, we meaningfully extend such latest findings to the remaining two swimming strokes, namely, the breast-stroke and the back-stroke: breast-stroke, just like butterfly swimming, is highly technical and involves the complex coordination of the arm and leg actions, while back-stroke is definitely similar to front-crawl swimming. An experimental validation with reference to international-level swimmers is included.
ISSN:1662-5161
1662-5161
DOI:10.3389/fnhum.2023.1176866