Calculating the Environmental Impacts of Low-Impact Development Using Long-Term Hydrologic Impact Assessment: A Review of Model Applications

• Published in: Land (Basel) 2023-03, Vol.12 (3), p.612
• Main Authors: Cai, Zhenhang, Zhu, Rui, Ruggier, Emma, Newman, Galen, Horney, Jennifer A
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Annual runoff; Climate change; Climatic data; Community involvement; Community participation; Computer simulation; Computer-generated environments; Distribution; Economic impact; Economic models; Environmental aspects; Environmental impact; Environmental management; green infrastructure; Hydrology; Impact factors; L-THIA; Land pollution; Land use; Landscape; low-impact development; Measurement; Performance evaluation; performance modeling; Planning; Pollutants; Rain; Research methodology; Return on investment; Runoff; Science; Search engines; Soil pollution; Soil types; Stormwater management; United States; Urban planning; Urbanization; Water pollution; Water quality; Watersheds
• ISSN: 2073-445X; 2073-445X
• DOI: 10.3390/land12030612

Low-impact development (LID) is a planning and design strategy that addresses water quality and quantity while providing co-benefits in the urban and suburban landscape. The Long-Term Hydrologic Impact Assessment (L-THIA) model estimates runoff and pollutant loadings using simple inputs of land use, soil type, and climatic data for the watershed-scale analysis of average annual runoff based on curve number analysis. Using Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, we screened 303 articles that included the search term "L-THIA", identifying 47 where L-THIA was used as the primary research method. After review, articles were categorized on the basis of the primary purpose of the use of L-THIA, including site screening, future scenarios and long-term impacts, site planning and design, economic impacts, model verification and calibration, and broader applications including policy development or flood mitigation. A growing body of research documents the use of L-THIA models across landscapes in applications such as the simulations of pollutant loadings for land use change scenarios and the evaluation of designs and cost-effectiveness. While the existing literature demonstrates that L-THIA models are a useful tool, future directions should include more innovative applications such as intentional community engagement and a focus on equity, climate change impacts, and the return on investment and performance of LID practices to address gaps in knowledge.