MicroRNAs, genomic instability and cancer

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNA transcripts approximately 20 nucleotides in length that regulate expression of protein-coding genes via complementary binding mechanisms. The last decade has seen an exponential increase of publications on miRNAs, ranging from every aspect of basic cancer...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:International journal of molecular sciences 2014-08, Vol.15 (8), p.14475-14491
Main Authors: Vincent, Kimberly, Pichler, Martin, Lee, Gyeong-Won, Ling, Hui
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Cancer
Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic - genetics
genomic instability
Genomic Instability - genetics
Genomics
Humans
MicroRNAs
MicroRNAs - genetics
Neoplasms - genetics
Protein expression
Review
Tumorigenesis
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Summary:MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNA transcripts approximately 20 nucleotides in length that regulate expression of protein-coding genes via complementary binding mechanisms. The last decade has seen an exponential increase of publications on miRNAs, ranging from every aspect of basic cancer biology to diagnostic and therapeutic explorations. In this review, we summarize findings of miRNA involvement in genomic instability, an interesting but largely neglected topic to date. We discuss the potential mechanisms by which miRNAs induce genomic instability, considered to be one of the most important driving forces of cancer initiation and progression, though its precise mechanisms remain elusive. We classify genomic instability mechanisms into defects in cell cycle regulation, DNA damage response, and mitotic separation, and review the findings demonstrating the participation of specific miRNAs in such mechanisms.
ISSN:1422-0067
1661-6596
1422-0067
DOI:10.3390/ijms150814475