Dynamics of Unusual Extreme Rainfall Events Over Different Altitudes Using Richardson Number

To delineate the dynamic stability of a moist atmosphere and to measure stability within a statically stable atmosphere, local Richardson number (Ri) and Brunt‐Väisälä (BV) frequency are used in this study. The BV frequency is an important parameter that is widely used in dynamic meteorology and is...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Earth and space science (Hoboken, N.J.) N.J.), 2022-08, Vol.9 (8), p.n/a
Main Authors: Ullah, Kalim, Ikram, Farah
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Approximation
Atmosphere
Brunt‐Väisälä frequency
CAPE
Climatic data
Convection
convective instability
Extreme weather
Flash floods
Humidity
K‐index
local Richardson number
Potential energy
Precipitation
Radiation
Rainfall
Troposphere
vertical velocity (hPa/s)
Weather forecasting
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Summary:To delineate the dynamic stability of a moist atmosphere and to measure stability within a statically stable atmosphere, local Richardson number (Ri) and Brunt‐Väisälä (BV) frequency are used in this study. The BV frequency is an important parameter that is widely used in dynamic meteorology and is calculated by replacing potential temperature with equivalent potential temperature in a moist atmosphere. For this purpose, extreme rainfall events were simulated by the WRF model. These events occurred on 9 September 2012 and 28 July 2010 during the summer monsoon in areas of different altitudes (ranging approximately from 100 to 3,500 m) which resulted in flash floods, loss of lives, and property damages in southern and northern parts of Pakistan. In the present case Ri (local Richardson number based on potential temperature) and Rie (local Richardson number based on equivalent potential temperature) are applied to investigate instability (Rie 
ISSN:2333-5084
2333-5084
DOI:10.1029/2022EA002283