The Effects of Bubble Scattering on Sound Propagation in Shallow Water

As sea waves break, a bubble layer forms beneath the sea surface. The bubble scattering affects sound propagation, thus influencing the accuracy of sound field prediction. This paper aims to investigate the effects of bubble scattering on the statistical characteristics of the sound field, the distr...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of marine science and engineering 2021-12, Vol.9 (12), p.1441
Main Authors: Liu, Ruoyun, Li, Zhenglin
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Acoustics
Attenuation
bubble scattering
Bubbles
Distribution
Energy dissipation
Energy loss
Influence
Marine environment
Propagation
Scattering
Sea surface
Shallow water
Sound
Sound fields
Sound propagation
Sound velocity
statistical characteristics
Transmission loss
Velocity
Wave propagation
Wind
Wind speed
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Summary:As sea waves break, a bubble layer forms beneath the sea surface. The bubble scattering affects sound propagation, thus influencing the accuracy of sound field prediction. This paper aims to investigate the effects of bubble scattering on the statistical characteristics of the sound field, the distribution of transmission loss (TL), and the average scattering attenuation in shallow water. A bubble layer model based on the bubble spectrum and a parallel Parabolic Equation (PE) model are combined to calculate and analyse the sound field in the marine environment with bubbles. The effects of the bubble layer are then compared with those of the fluctuant sea surface. The results show that the bubble scattering causes additional energy loss and random fluctuations of the sound field. The TL distribution properties and the average scattering attenuation are related to the wind speed, range, frequency, and source position relative to the negative gradient sound speed layer in shallow water. The comparison demonstrates that the random variation caused by the fluctuation of the sea surface is more significant than that caused by bubbles, and the energy loss caused by bubble scattering is more significant than the fluctuant sea surface under strong wind conditions.
ISSN:2077-1312
2077-1312
DOI:10.3390/jmse9121441