Drug Delivery (Nano)Platforms for Oral and Dental Applications: Tissue Regeneration, Infection Control, and Cancer Management

• Published in: Advanced science 2021-04, Vol.8 (8), p.2004014-n/a
• Main Authors: Makvandi, Pooyan, Josic, Uros, Delfi, Masoud, Pinelli, Filippo, Jahed, Vahid, Kaya, Emine, Ashrafizadeh, Milad, Zarepour, Atefeh, Rossi, Filippo, Zarrabi, Ali, Agarwal, Tarun, Zare, Ehsan Nazarzadeh, Ghomi, Matineh, Kumar Maiti, Tapas, Breschi, Lorenzo, Tay, Franklin R
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Administration, Oral; Anti-Infective Agents - administration & dosage; antibacterial; Antibiotics; Antimicrobial agents; antiviral; Bacteria; Bacterial infections; Binding sites; Biofilms; Biological activity; Cancer therapies; Dental implants; Disease control; drug delivery; Drug delivery systems; Drug Delivery Systems - methods; Drug resistance; Fungal infections; Humans; Hydrogels; Hydroxyapatite; Mouth Diseases - drug therapy; Mouth Neoplasms - drug therapy; Nanoparticles; Nanoparticles - administration & dosage; oral cancer; Review; Reviews; Scanning electron microscopy; Tissue engineering; Tissue Engineering - methods; tissue regeneration; Titanium
• ISSN: 2198-3844; 2198-3844
• DOI: 10.1002/advs.202004014

The oral cavity and oropharynx are complex environments that are susceptible to physical, chemical, and microbiological insults. They are also common sites for pathological and cancerous changes. The effectiveness of conventional locally‐administered medications against diseases affecting these oral milieus may be compromised by constant salivary flow. For systemically‐administered medications, drug resistance and adverse side‐effects are issues that need to be resolved. New strategies for drug delivery have been investigated over the last decade to overcome these obstacles. Synthesis of nanoparticle‐containing agents that promote healing represents a quantum leap in ensuring safe, efficient drug delivery to the affected tissues. Micro/nanoencapsulants with unique structures and properties function as more favorable drug‐release platforms than conventional treatment approaches. The present review provides an overview of newly‐developed nanocarriers and discusses their potential applications and limitations in various fields of dentistry and oral medicine. A wide variety of micro/nanoscale platforms are employed for oral and dental applications including tissue regeneration, infection control, and cancer management. Such micro and nanocarriers deliver ions (e.g., fluoride, calcium, strontium), antibiotic, antiviral, antifungal compounds, as well as genes and proteins.