Apamin Enhances Neurite Outgrowth and Regeneration after Laceration Injury in Cortical Neurons

Apamin is a minor component of bee venom and is a polypeptide with 18 amino acid residues. Although apamin is considered a neurotoxic compound that blocks the potassium channel, its neuroprotective effects on neurons have been recently reported. However, there is little information about the underly...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Toxins 2021-08, Vol.13 (9), p.603
Main Authors: Kim, Hyunseong, Hong, Jin Young, Lee, Junseon, Jeon, Wan-Jin, Ha, In-Hyuk
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Alzheimer's disease
Amino acids
Animals
apamin
Apamin - pharmacology
axon regeneration
Axonogenesis
bee venom
Bee Venoms - pharmacology
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor
Cerebellar Diseases - drug therapy
cortical neuron
Cytotoxicity
Disease Models, Animal
Dopamine
Flow cytometry
Gene expression
Growth factors
Humans
laceration injury
Lacerations - drug therapy
Nerve growth factor
Nerve Regeneration - drug effects
Nervous system
Neurological diseases
Neurons
Neurons - drug effects
Neuroprotection
Neuroprotective Agents - pharmacology
Neurotoxicity
Phospholipase
Phospholipase A2
Polypeptides
Proteins
Rats
Rats, Sprague-Dawley
Regeneration
Venom
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Summary:Apamin is a minor component of bee venom and is a polypeptide with 18 amino acid residues. Although apamin is considered a neurotoxic compound that blocks the potassium channel, its neuroprotective effects on neurons have been recently reported. However, there is little information about the underlying mechanism and very little is known regarding the toxicological characterization of other compounds in bee venom. Here, cultured mature cortical neurons were treated with bee venom components, including apamin, phospholipase A2, and the main component, melittin. Melittin and phospholipase A2 from bee venom caused a neurotoxic effect in dose-dependent manner, but apamin did not induce neurotoxicity in mature cortical neurons in doses of up to 10 µg/mL. Next, 1 and 10 µg/mL of apamin were applied to cultivate mature cortical neurons. Apamin accelerated neurite outgrowth and axon regeneration after laceration injury. Furthermore, apamin induced the upregulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and neurotrophin nerve growth factor, as well as regeneration-associated gene expression in mature cortical neurons. Due to its neurotherapeutic effects, apamin may be a promising candidate for the treatment of a wide range of neurological diseases.
ISSN:2072-6651
2072-6651
DOI:10.3390/toxins13090603