Environmental conditions experienced upon first breeding modulate costs of early breeding but not age-specific reproductive output in peregrine falcons

Although once considered uncommon, there is growing evidence of widespread senescence in wildlife populations. However, few studies have examined the traits involved, inter-sexual differences, and environmental correlates of age-specific performance in raptors. We studied age-specific reproductive p...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Scientific reports 2022-09, Vol.12 (1), p.16005-16005, Article 16005
Main Authors: Zabala, Jabi, Martínez, José E., Gómez-Moliner, Benjamín, Zuberogoitia, Iñigo
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
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631/601
Age
Breeding seasons
Careers
Environmental conditions
Falco peregrinus
Humanities and Social Sciences
Incubation
Life span
multidisciplinary
Offspring
Population studies
Rainfall
Reproduction
Science
Science (multidisciplinary)
Senescence
Wildlife
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Summary:Although once considered uncommon, there is growing evidence of widespread senescence in wildlife populations. However, few studies have examined the traits involved, inter-sexual differences, and environmental correlates of age-specific performance in raptors. We studied age-specific reproductive performance and actuarial senescence (decrease in survival probability with age) in a peregrine falcon population monitored for 21 years. We analysed changes with age in the number of offspring produced and incubation start date. We also inspected variation in lifespan and breeding lifespan (number of breeding occasions in a lifetime). In every case, we assessed associations between variations in traits and age, sex, recruitment age, and environmental conditions (cumulative rainfall during breeding season) experienced upon the first breeding attempt. We found scarce evidence for reproductive senescence. Only the incubation start date in females, which was delayed after approximately 8 cy (calendar years), suggested reproductive senescence in our study population. Regarding actuarial senescence, our data did not support it as we only found evidence of higher juvenile mortality. Furthermore, expected lifespan in peregrines recruited at 2 cy was associated with conditions experienced upon the first breeding attempt. The lifespan and breeding career of individuals recruited as yearlings and experiencing low rainfall upon first breeding did not significantly differ from those recruited as adults. However, those recruited as yearlings and experiencing poor environmental conditions upon the first breeding attempt showed reduced lifespan and breeding lifespan.
ISSN:2045-2322
2045-2322
DOI:10.1038/s41598-022-20240-5