Fabrication of Submicro-Nano Structures on Polyetheretherketone Surface by Femtosecond Laser for Exciting Cellular Responses of MC3T3-E1 Cells/Gingival Epithelial Cells

• Published in: International journal of nanomedicine 2021-01, Vol.16, p.3201-3216
• Main Authors: Xie, Dong, Xu, Chenhui, Ye, Cheng, Mei, Shiqi, Wang, Longqing, Zhu, Qi, Chen, Qing, Zhao, Qi, Xu, Zhiyan, Wei, Jie, Yang, Lili
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adsorption; Alkaline Phosphatase - metabolism; Animals; Benzophenones; Biomedical materials; Cell Adhesion; Cell Line; Cell Proliferation; cell responses; Cell Shape; Comparative analysis; Contact angle; Dental implants; Epithelial Cells - cytology; Epithelial Cells - radiation effects; Epithelial Cells - ultrastructure; Ethanol; Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid; Fourier transforms; functional group; Gene Expression Regulation; Gingiva - cytology; Humans; Implant dentures; Ketones - chemistry; Lasers; Microscopy, Atomic Force; Morphology; Nanostructures - chemistry; Original Research; Osteogenesis - genetics; Particle Size; Phosphatases; Photoelectron Spectroscopy; polyetheretherketone; Polyethylene Glycols - chemistry; Polymers; Proteins; submicro-nano structures; Surface energy; surface modification; Surface Properties; Topography; Water - chemistry
• ISSN: 1178-2013; 1176-9114; 1178-2013
• DOI: 10.2147/IJN.S303411

Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) exhibits high mechanical strengths and outstanding biocompatibility but biological inertness that does not excite the cell responses and stimulate bone formation. The objective of this study was to construct submicro-nano structures on PEEK by femtosecond laser (FSL) for exciting the responses of MC3T3-E1 cells and gingival epithelial (GE) cells, which induce regeneration of bone/gingival tissues for long-term stability of dental implants. In this study, submicro-nano structures were created on PEEK surface by FSL with power of 80 mW (80FPK) and 160 mW (160FPK). Compared with PEEK, both 80FPK and 160FPK with submicro-nano structures exhibited elevated surface performances (hydrophilicity, surface energy, roughness and protein absorption). Furthermore, in comparison with 80FPK, 160FPK further enhanced the surface performances. In addition, compared with PEEK, both 80FPK and 160FPK significantly excited not only the responses (adhesion, proliferation, alkaline phosphatase [ALP] activity and osteogenic gene expression) of MC3T3-E1 cells but also responses (adhesion as well as proliferation) of GE cells of human in vitro. Moreover, in comparison with 80FPK, 160FPK further enhanced the responses of MC3T3-E1 cells/GE cells. FSL created submicro-nano structures on PEEK with elevated surface performances, which played crucial roles in exciting the responses of MC3T3-E1 cells/GE cells. Consequently, 160FPK with elevated surface performances and outstanding cytocompatibility would have enormous potential as an implant for dental replacement.