Brain Vascular Microenvironments in Cancer Metastasis

Primary tumours, particularly from major solid organs, are able to disseminate into the blood and lymphatic system and spread to distant sites. These secondary metastases to other major organs are the most lethal aspect of cancer, accounting for the majority of cancer deaths. The brain is a frequent...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Biomolecules (Basel, Switzerland) Switzerland), 2022-03, Vol.12 (3), p.401
Main Authors: Tobar, Lucas E, Farnsworth, Rae H, Stacker, Steven A
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Amino acids
Blood vessels
brain
Brain - pathology
Brain cancer
Brain Neoplasms - pathology
Cancer
Cancer therapies
Carotid arteries
Gene expression
Glucose
Humans
Immune system
leptomeninges
Lymphatic system
Lymphatic System - physiology
Lymphatic Vessels
Medical prognosis
Melanoma
Metastases
Metastasis
Microenvironments
Molecular weight
Neoplasm Metastasis - pathology
Nervous system
Review
stroma
Tumor Microenvironment
Tumors
Veins & arteries
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Summary:Primary tumours, particularly from major solid organs, are able to disseminate into the blood and lymphatic system and spread to distant sites. These secondary metastases to other major organs are the most lethal aspect of cancer, accounting for the majority of cancer deaths. The brain is a frequent site of metastasis, and brain metastases are often fatal due to the critical role of the nervous system and the limited options for treatment, including surgery. This creates a need to further understand the complex cell and molecular biology associated with the establishment of brain metastasis, including the changes to the environment of the brain to enable the arrival and growth of tumour cells. Local changes in the vascular network, immune system and stromal components all have the potential to recruit and foster metastatic tumour cells. This review summarises our current understanding of brain vascular microenvironments, fluid circulation and drainage in the context of brain metastases, as well as commenting on current cutting-edge experimental approaches used to investigate changes in vascular environments and alterations in specialised subsets of blood and lymphatic vessel cells during cancer spread to the brain.
ISSN:2218-273X
2218-273X
DOI:10.3390/biom12030401