Multiplexed Passive Optical Fiber Sensor Networks for Water Level Monitoring: A Review

Water management is a critical mission required to protect the water resources that is essential in diverse industrial applications. Amongst a variety of parameters such as level (or depth), temperature, conductivity, turbidity, and pH, the water level is the most fundamental one that needs to be mo...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) Switzerland), 2020-11, Vol.20 (23), p.6813
Main Authors: Lee, Hoon-Keun, Choo, Jaeyul, Kim, Joonyoung
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Industrial applications
Lasers
Monitoring
Monitoring systems
multiplexing
Nuclear power plants
Optical communication
Optical fibers
passive optical fiber sensor network
quasi-distributed
Questioning
Remote sensors
Review
Sensors
Signal processing
Spatial resolution
Turbidity
water level monitoring
Water levels
Water management
Water quality
Water resources
Wave division multiplexing
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Summary:Water management is a critical mission required to protect the water resources that is essential in diverse industrial applications. Amongst a variety of parameters such as level (or depth), temperature, conductivity, turbidity, and pH, the water level is the most fundamental one that needs to be monitored on a real-time basis for securing the water management system. This paper presents an overview of water level monitoring technologies based on optical fiber sensor (OFS) networks. Firstly, we introduce and compare the passive distributed and quasi-distributed (discrete) sensor networks with the recent achievements summarized. The performance (i.e., sensing range and resolution) of the OFS networks can be enhanced through diverse multiplexing techniques based on wavelength, time, coherence, space, etc. Especially, the dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM)-based sensor network provides remote sensing (where its reach can be extended to >40 km) with high scalability in terms of the channel number that determines the spatial resolution. We review the operation principle and characteristics of the DWDM-based OFS network with full theoretical and experimental analysis being provided. Furthermore, the key system functions and considerations (such as the link protection from physical damages, self-referencing, management of sensing units, and so on) are discussed that could be a guideline on the design process of the passive OFS network.
ISSN:1424-8220
1424-8220
DOI:10.3390/s20236813