Immune Microenvironment in Osteosarcoma: Components, Therapeutic Strategies and Clinical Applications

Osteosarcoma is a primary malignant tumor that tends to threaten children and adolescents, and the 5-year event-free survival rate has not improved significantly in the past three decades, bringing grief and economic burden to patients and society. To date, the genetic background and oncogenesis mec...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Frontiers in immunology 2022-06, Vol.13, p.907550-907550
Main Authors: Zhu, Tianyi, Han, Jing, Yang, Liu, Cai, Zhengdong, Sun, Wei, Hua, Yingqi, Xu, Jing
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
clinical applications
immune cells
immune microenvironment
Immunology
non-immune cells
osteosarcoma
therapeutic strategies
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Summary:Osteosarcoma is a primary malignant tumor that tends to threaten children and adolescents, and the 5-year event-free survival rate has not improved significantly in the past three decades, bringing grief and economic burden to patients and society. To date, the genetic background and oncogenesis mechanisms of osteosarcoma remain unclear, impeding further research. The tumor immune microenvironment has become a recent research hot spot, providing novel but valuable insight into tumor heterogeneity and multifaceted mechanisms of tumor progression and metastasis. However, the immune microenvironment in osteosarcoma has been vigorously discussed, and the landscape of immune and non-immune component infiltration has been intensively investigated. Here, we summarize the current knowledge of the classification, features, and functions of the main infiltrating cells, complement system, and exosomes in the osteosarcoma immune microenvironment. In each section, we also highlight the complex crosstalk network among them and the corresponding potential therapeutic strategies and clinical applications to deepen our understanding of osteosarcoma and provide a reference for imminent effective therapies with reduced adverse effects.
ISSN:1664-3224
1664-3224
DOI:10.3389/fimmu.2022.907550