Exosome may be the next generation of promising cell-free vaccines

Traditional vaccines have limits against some persistent infections and pathogens. The development of novel vaccine technologies is particularly critical for the future. Exosomes play an important role in physiological and pathological processes. Exosomes present many advantages, such as inherent ca...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics 2024-12, Vol.20 (1), p.2345940
Main Authors: Dai, Zelan, Cai, Ruiru, Zeng, Hong, Zhu, Hailian, Dou, Youwei, Sun, Shibo
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
cancer
Cancer Vaccines - immunology
COVID-19 - immunology
COVID-19 - prevention & control
COVID-19 Vaccines - immunology
engineering
Exosome
Exosomes - immunology
Humans
isolation
Neoplasms - immunology
purification
SARS-CoV-2
SARS-CoV-2 - immunology
vaccine
Vaccine Development
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Summary:Traditional vaccines have limits against some persistent infections and pathogens. The development of novel vaccine technologies is particularly critical for the future. Exosomes play an important role in physiological and pathological processes. Exosomes present many advantages, such as inherent capacity being biocompatible, non-toxic, which make them a more desirable candidate for vaccines. However, research on exosomes are in their infancy and the barriers of low yield, low purity, and weak targeting of exosomes limit their applications in vaccines. Accordingly, further exploration is necessary to improve these problems and subsequently facilitate the functional studies of exosomes. In this study, we reviewed the origin, classification, functions, modifications, separation and purification, and characterization methods of exosomes. Meanwhile, we focused on the role and mechanism of exosomes for cancer and COVID-19 vaccines.
ISSN:2164-5515
2164-554X
2164-554X
DOI:10.1080/21645515.2024.2345940