U-shaped deep-learning models for island ecosystem type classification, a case study in Con Dao Island of Vietnam

The monitoring of ecosystem dynamics utilises time and resources from scientists and land-use managers, especially in wetland ecosystems in islands that have been affected significantly by both the current state of oceans and human-made activities. Deep-learning models for natural and anthropogenic...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:One ecosystem : ecology and sustainability data journal 2022-02, Vol.7, p.1-23
Main Authors: Kinh Bac Dang, Thi Ha Thanh Nguyen, Nguyen, Huu Duy, Truong, Quang Hai, Vu, Thi Phuong, Hanh Nguyen Pham, Duong, Thi Thuy, Giang, Van Trong, Nguyen, Duc Minh, Thu Huong Bui, Burkhard, Benjamin
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Classification
Coral reefs
Deep learning
Ecosystem dynamics
Ecosystem management
Land use
neural network
encoder
decoder
Oceans
RAMSAR
Con Dao
Remote sensing
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Summary:The monitoring of ecosystem dynamics utilises time and resources from scientists and land-use managers, especially in wetland ecosystems in islands that have been affected significantly by both the current state of oceans and human-made activities. Deep-learning models for natural and anthropogenic ecosystem type classification, based on remote sensing data, have become a tool to potentially replace manual image interpretation. This study proposes a U-Net model to develop a deep learning model for classifying 10 island ecosystems with cloud- and shadow-based data using Sentinel-2, ALOS and NOAA remote sensing data. We tested and compared different optimiser methods with two benchmark methods, including support vector machines and random forests. In total, 48 U-Net models were trained and compared. The U-Net model with the Adadelta optimiser and 64 filters showed the best result, because it could classify all island ecosystems with 93 percent accuracy and a loss function value of 0.17. The model was used to classify and successfully manage ecosystems on a particular island in Vietnam. Compared to island ecosystems, it is not easy to detect coral reefs due to seasonal ocean currents. However, the trained deep-learning models proved to have high performances compared to the two traditional methods. The best U-Net model, which needs about two minutes to create a new classification, could become a suitable tool for island research and management in the future.
ISSN:2367-8194
2367-8194
DOI:10.3897/oneeco.7.e79160