Rectenna System Development Using Harmonic Balance and S-Parameters for an RF Energy Harvester

• Published in: Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) Switzerland), 2024-05, Vol.24 (9), p.2843
• Main Authors: Md Jamil, Muhamad Nurarif Bin, Omar, Madiah, Ibrahim, Rosdiazli, Bingi, Kishore, Faqih, Mochammad
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Antennas; Antennas (Electronics); Circuit printing; Diodes; Efficiency; Energy; Fractals; low RF power; Printed circuits; Radiation; Radio frequency identification; Radio frequency identification (RFID); rectenna; RF energy harvesting; Simulation; Simulation methods; Technology application; Wi-Fi
• ISSN: 1424-8220; 1424-8220
• DOI: 10.3390/s24092843

With the escalating demand for Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology and the Internet of Things (IoT), there is a growing need for sustainable and autonomous power solutions to energize low-powered devices. Consequently, there is a critical imperative to mitigate dependency on batteries during passive operation. This paper proposes the conceptual framework of rectenna architecture-based radio frequency energy harvesters' performance, specifically optimized for low-power device applications. The proposed prototype utilizes the surroundings' Wi-Fi signals within the 2.4 GHz frequency band. The design integrates a seven-stage Cockroft-Walton rectifier featuring a Schottky diode HSMS286C and MA4E2054B1-1146T, a low-pass filter, and a fractal antenna. Preliminary simulations conducted using Advanced Design System (ADS) reveal that a voltage of 3.53 V can be harvested by employing a 1.57 mm thickness Rogers 5880 printed circuit board (PCB) substrate with an MA4E2054B1-1146T rectifier prototype, given a minimum power input of -10 dBm (0.1 mW). Integrating the fabricated rectifier and fractal antenna successfully yields a 1.5 V DC output from Wi-Fi signals, demonstrable by illuminating a red LED. These findings underscore the viability of deploying a fractal antenna-based radio frequency (RF) harvester for empowering small electronic devices.