Clinical Implications of Epigenetic Dysregulation in Perinatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Damage

Placental and fetal hypoxia caused by perinatal hypoxic-ischemic events are major causes of stillbirth, neonatal morbidity, and long-term neurological sequelae among surviving neonates. Brain hypoxia and associated pathological processes such as excitotoxicity, apoptosis, necrosis, and inflammation,...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Frontiers in neurology 2020-06, Vol.11, p.483-483
Main Authors: Bustelo, Martín, Barkhuizen, Melinda, van den Hove, Daniel L. A., Steinbusch, Harry Wilhelm. M., Bruno, Martín A., Loidl, C. Fabián, Gavilanes, Antonio W. Danilo
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
biomarker
histone modifications
hypoxia
hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy
ischemia
microRNAs
Neurology
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Summary:Placental and fetal hypoxia caused by perinatal hypoxic-ischemic events are major causes of stillbirth, neonatal morbidity, and long-term neurological sequelae among surviving neonates. Brain hypoxia and associated pathological processes such as excitotoxicity, apoptosis, necrosis, and inflammation, are associated with lasting disruptions in epigenetic control of gene expression contributing to neurological dysfunction. Recent studies have pointed to DNA (de)methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNAs as crucial components of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). The understanding of epigenetic dysregulation in HIE is essential in the development of new clinical interventions for perinatal HIE. Here, we summarize our current understanding of epigenetic mechanisms underlying the molecular pathology of HI brain damage and its clinical implications in terms of new diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic tools.
ISSN:1664-2295
1664-2295
DOI:10.3389/fneur.2020.00483