A retrospective study of the efficacy of zonisamide in controlling seizures in 57 cats

• Published in: Journal of veterinary internal medicine 2024-03, Vol.38 (2), p.1092-1100
• Main Authors: Djani, Dylan M., Liou, Michael, Aravamuthan, Srikanth, Lau, Vivian, Cameron, Starr
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Age; Animal euthanasia; Animals; Anticonvulsants - therapeutic use; antiepileptic drugs; antiseizure drugs; Cat Diseases - drug therapy; Cats; Cerebrospinal fluid; Convulsions & seizures; Drug dosages; Epilepsies, Partial - veterinary; Epilepsy; Epilepsy - drug therapy; Epilepsy - veterinary; feline; Females; Magnetic resonance imaging; Medical records; Phenobarbital - therapeutic use; Potassium; Retrospective Studies; Seizures - drug therapy; Seizures - veterinary; SMALL ANIMAL; Statistical analysis; Zonisamide - therapeutic use
• ISSN: 0891-6640; 1939-1676
• DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16984

Background Evidence‐based recommendations for antiepileptic drug selection in cats beyond phenobarbital are limited, and additional studies are needed for cats where seizures remain inadequately controlled by administration of phenobarbital alone or for cats that cannot safely receive phenobarbital. Objective To compare seizure frequency in cats before and after oral administration of zonisamide and describe adverse clinical or clinicopathologic effects in this cohort. Animals Fifty‐seven cats with a history of seizures. Methods Multicenter, retrospective study. Median number of seizures per month and number of seizure days per month were compared before and after administration of zonisamide in all cats, a subgroup of cats with idiopathic epilepsy (IE), and a subgroup of cats receiving zonisamide as sole therapy. Clinical and clinicopathologic adverse effect data were also reported. Results A median decrease of 1 (P = .001, 95% confidence interval (CI) [−1.0, −0.5]) seizure per month, and 1 (P = .003, 95% CI [−1.5, −0.2]) seizure days per month was found across all cats after oral administration of zonisamide. The subgroup with IE showed median decreases of 1 (P = .03, 95% CI [−2.0, −0.5]) and 2 (P = .01, 95% CI [−2.5, −1.0]), respectively. The most common clinical adverse effects were sedation (17%), ataxia (11%), hyporexia (17%), and emesis (5%). One cat developed mild nonregenerative anemia, 2 cats developed mild metabolic acidosis, and 6 cats showed mild increases in ALT and ALP. Conclusion Zonisamide was well tolerated and efficacious in controlling seizure activity in most cats.