Loop-Type Field Probe to Measure Human Body Exposure to 5G Millimeter-Wave Base Stations

This paper proposes a field probe to measure the power density (PD) at a millimeter-wave (mmWave) frequency band. The proposed probe is composed of a loop antenna in which one end is terminated with a load resistor. Such a structure enables the simultaneous measurement of electric (E)- and magnetic...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Applied sciences 2023-11, Vol.13 (21), p.11777
Main Authors: Kwon, DukSoo, Lee, Young Seung, Hyoung, Chang-Hee, Hwang, Jung-Hwan, Choi, Hyung-Do
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Antennas
Antennas (Electronics)
base stations
Cellular telephone equipment industry
Design
Electromagnetic fields
Human body
Investigations
Measurement
millimeter-wave measurements
radiofrequency exposure
Sensors
Wireless telecommunications equipment
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Summary:This paper proposes a field probe to measure the power density (PD) at a millimeter-wave (mmWave) frequency band. The proposed probe is composed of a loop antenna in which one end is terminated with a load resistor. Such a structure enables the simultaneous measurement of electric (E)- and magnetic (H)-fields: the E-field is measured at a gap where the load resistor is placed, and the H-field is measured through the loop antenna. The simultaneous measurement makes it possible to measure PD for an incident wave even in the near field region where the E- and H-fields have different phases from each other. The proposed probe is fabricated and evaluated for its PD measurement performance. The measurement results show that the probe measures PD with an error less than 1.3 dB. Owing to the near field measurement, the proposed probe is useful in measuring the human body exposure to electromagnetic fields (EMFs) that are generated by 5G mmWave base stations.
ISSN:2076-3417
2076-3417
DOI:10.3390/app132111777