Challenges of Application of Green Ammonia as Fuel in Onshore Transportation

The main purpose of the article is to present a comprehensive and critical review of the challenges and risks associated with the use of green ammonia as an alternative fuel in land transport. The review is motivated by the clear trend toward phasing out fossil fuel vehicles and replacing them with...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Energies (Basel) 2023-07, Vol.16 (13), p.4898
Main Authors: Chorowski, Maciej, Lepszy, Michał, Machaj, Krystian, Malecha, Ziemowit, Porwisiak, Dominika, Porwisiak, Paweł, Rogala, Zbigniew, Stanclik, Michał
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Air pollution
alternative fuel
Alternative fuels
Ammonia
challenges
Combustion
Electric vehicles
Emissions
Energy minerals
Fossil fuels
fuel cell
Fuel cell industry
Fuel cells
Fuel technology
Gases
green ammonia
Hydrogen
Infrastructure
Internal combustion
Natural gas
Production capacity
Raw materials
Registration
Regulation
review
Reviews
Vehicles
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Summary:The main purpose of the article is to present a comprehensive and critical review of the challenges and risks associated with the use of green ammonia as an alternative fuel in land transport. The review is motivated by the clear trend toward phasing out fossil fuel vehicles and replacing them with emission-free alternatives. Topics covered include safety aspects such as safety of powering of vehicles, the production of green ammonia, the use of ammonia in the context of various fuel solutions (combustion engines and fuel cell engines), and the discussion of ammonia-powered vehicles in the context of air pollution. The paper offers new insights into identifying the challenges and obstacles that may arise in the case of the massive use of green ammonia as a fuel for land transport. In addition, the review presents the latest information on the technological readiness of the necessary infrastructure for the production, transport, storage, and utilization of green ammonia in internal combustion or electric engines.
ISSN:1996-1073
1996-1073
DOI:10.3390/en16134898