Genome-wide characterization of the WAK gene family and expression analysis under plant hormone treatment in cotton

• Published in: BMC genomics 2021-01, Vol.22 (1), p.85-85, Article 85
• Main Authors: Dou, Lingling, Li, Zhifang, Shen, Qian, Shi, Huiran, Li, Huaizhu, Wang, Wenbo, Zou, Changsong, Shang, Haihong, Li, Hongbin, Xiao, Guanghui
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Analysis; Cell interactions; Cell walls; Cellulose; Chromosomes; Cotton; Cotton Fiber; Cotton fibers; Cytoplasm; Epidermal growth factor; Expression analysis; Fibers; Gene expression; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; Genes; Genetic engineering; Genomes; Genomics; Gibberellins; Gossypium - genetics; Gossypium hirsutum; Indoleacetic acid; Kinases; Multigene Family; Ovules; Pathogens; Peptides; Phylogenetics; Phylogeny; Phytohormones; Plant Growth Regulators - pharmacology; Plant hormones; Plant Proteins - genetics; Proteins; Regulatory sequences; Rice; Signal transduction; Synteny; Transcriptomes; Trichomes; WAK genes
• ISSN: 1471-2164; 1471-2164
• DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-07378-8

Wall-associated kinases (WAK), one of the receptor-like kinases (RLK), function directly in the connection and communication between the plant cell wall and the cytoplasm. WAK genes are highly conserved and have been identified in plants, such as rice, but there is little research on the WAK gene family in cotton. In the present study, we identified 29 GhWAK genes in Gossypium hirsutum. Phylogenetic analysis showed that cotton WAK proteins can be divided into five clades. The results of synteny and Ka/Ks analysis showed that the GhWAK genes mainly originated from whole genome duplication (WGD) and were then mainly under purifying selection. Transcriptome data and real-time PCR showed that 97% of GhWAK genes highly expressed in cotton fibers and ovules. β-glucuronidase (GUS) staining assays showed that GhWAK5 and GhWAK16 expressed in Arabidopsis leaf trichomes. Fourteen GhWAK genes were found to possess putative gibberellin (GA) response elements in the promoter regions, 13 of which were significantly induced by GA treatment. Ten GhWAK genes contained auxin (IAA) response elements and the expression level of nine GhWAKs significantly increased under auxin treatment. We provide a preliminary analysis of the WAK gene family in G. hirsutum, which sheds light on the potantial roles of GhWAK genes in cotton fiber cell development. Our data also provides a useful resource for future studies on the functional roles of GhWAK genes.