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Prediction of leakage flow rate from upward water jets bursting at the ground

Abstract This paper presents experimental studies to explore the behavior of upward water jets in granular beds. The test conditions included both the cavity and chimney regime. Combining our results with data available in the literature, it was possible to fit a linear relationship to describe the...

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Published in:Revista brasileira de recursos hídricos 2022, Vol.27
Main Authors: Oliveira, Luísa Ciríaco Silva de, Lima Neto, Iran Eduardo
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description Abstract This paper presents experimental studies to explore the behavior of upward water jets in granular beds. The test conditions included both the cavity and chimney regime. Combining our results with data available in the literature, it was possible to fit a linear relationship to describe the dimensionless upward water velocity at the bed surface (u/U) as a function of kFr, in which Fr is the Froude number and k is a fitting parameter that was linearly related with the medium particle diameter d. A threshold condition (kFr = 1) was also proposed to predict the onset of the chimney regime, which was consistent with published data. Finally, a simple equation based on d, D and H was derived to predict the real-scale leakage flow rate Q from upward water jets bursting at the ground. The results obtained will potentially help water utilities estimate the water loss from underground pipelines. Resumo O presente artigo apresenta estudos experimentais com o objetivo de analisar o comportamento de jatos d'água ascendentes em leitos granulares. As condições de teste incluíram tanto o regime da cavidade, quanto o regime de chaminé. Combinando os resultados obtidos com dados disponíveis na literatura, foi possível ajustar uma relação linear para descrever a velocidade ascendente adimensional da água na superfície do leito granular (u/U) em função de kFr, em que Fr é o número de Froude e k é um parâmetro de ajuste linearmente dependente do diâmetro médio da partícula, d. Foi proposta uma condição limite (kFr = 1) para prever o início do regime de chaminé, que se apresenta em concordância com dados publicados. Por fim, uma equação simples baseada em d, D e H foi derivada para prever a taxa de vazamento em escala real, Q, de jatos de água ascendentes que atingem o solo. Os resultados obtidos podem ajudar as concessionárias de água a estimar a perda de água em tubulações enterradas.
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As condições de teste incluíram tanto o regime da cavidade, quanto o regime de chaminé. Combinando os resultados obtidos com dados disponíveis na literatura, foi possível ajustar uma relação linear para descrever a velocidade ascendente adimensional da água na superfície do leito granular (u/U) em função de kFr, em que Fr é o número de Froude e k é um parâmetro de ajuste linearmente dependente do diâmetro médio da partícula, d. Foi proposta uma condição limite (kFr = 1) para prever o início do regime de chaminé, que se apresenta em concordância com dados publicados. Por fim, uma equação simples baseada em d, D e H foi derivada para prever a taxa de vazamento em escala real, Q, de jatos de água ascendentes que atingem o solo. 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As condições de teste incluíram tanto o regime da cavidade, quanto o regime de chaminé. Combinando os resultados obtidos com dados disponíveis na literatura, foi possível ajustar uma relação linear para descrever a velocidade ascendente adimensional da água na superfície do leito granular (u/U) em função de kFr, em que Fr é o número de Froude e k é um parâmetro de ajuste linearmente dependente do diâmetro médio da partícula, d. Foi proposta uma condição limite (kFr = 1) para prever o início do regime de chaminé, que se apresenta em concordância com dados publicados. Por fim, uma equação simples baseada em d, D e H foi derivada para prever a taxa de vazamento em escala real, Q, de jatos de água ascendentes que atingem o solo. 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As condições de teste incluíram tanto o regime da cavidade, quanto o regime de chaminé. Combinando os resultados obtidos com dados disponíveis na literatura, foi possível ajustar uma relação linear para descrever a velocidade ascendente adimensional da água na superfície do leito granular (u/U) em função de kFr, em que Fr é o número de Froude e k é um parâmetro de ajuste linearmente dependente do diâmetro médio da partícula, d. Foi proposta uma condição limite (kFr = 1) para prever o início do regime de chaminé, que se apresenta em concordância com dados publicados. Por fim, uma equação simples baseada em d, D e H foi derivada para prever a taxa de vazamento em escala real, Q, de jatos de água ascendentes que atingem o solo. 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ENGINEERING, GEOLOGICAL
ENGINEERING, MARINE
ENGINEERING, OCEAN
Experiments
Fluidization
Pipe leakage
Water distribution system
title Prediction of leakage flow rate from upward water jets bursting at the ground
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