Characterization of Astaxanthin Nanoemulsions Produced by Intense Fluid Shear through a Self-Throttling Nanometer Range Annular Orifice Valve-Based High-Pressure Homogenizer

Stable, oil-in-water nanoemulsions containing astaxanthin (AsX) were produced by intense fluid shear forces resulting from pumping a coarse reagent emulsion through a self-throttling annular gap valve at 300 MPa. Compared to crude emulsions prepared by conventional homogenization, a size reduction o...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Switzerland), 2021-05, Vol.26 (10), p.2856
Main Authors: Smejkal, Gary B., Ting, Edmund Y., Nambi Arul Nambi, Karthik, Schumacher, Richard T., Lazarev, Alexander V.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Annular gaps
annular valve
argan oil
Astaxanthin
Bioavailability
emulsion
Emulsions
Fluid flow
Food additives
Gene expression
Homogenization
Homogenizers
Krill
krill oil
Lipids
Mechanical stimuli
nanoemulsion
Nanoemulsions
Oil
Oils & fats
Orifices
Particle size
Polydispersity
Reagents
Shear forces
Size reduction
Surfactants
Throttling
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Summary:Stable, oil-in-water nanoemulsions containing astaxanthin (AsX) were produced by intense fluid shear forces resulting from pumping a coarse reagent emulsion through a self-throttling annular gap valve at 300 MPa. Compared to crude emulsions prepared by conventional homogenization, a size reduction of over two orders of magnitude was observed for AsX-encapsulated oil droplets following just one pass through the annular valve. In krill oil formulations, the mean hydrodynamic diameter of lipid particles was reduced to 60 nm after only two passes through the valve and reached a minimal size of 24 nm after eight passes. Repeated processing of samples through the valve progressively decreased lipid particle size, with an inflection in the rate of particle size reduction generally observed after 2–4 passes. Krill- and argan oil-based nanoemulsions were produced using an Ultra Shear Technology™ (UST™) approach and characterized in terms of their small particle size, low polydispersity, and stability.
ISSN:1420-3049
1420-3049
DOI:10.3390/molecules26102856