Retrospective analysis of a lactose breath test in a gastrointestinal symptomatic population of Northeast Italy: use of (H2+2CH4) versus H2 threshold

• Published in: Clinical and experimental gastroenterology 2018-06, Vol.11, p.243-248
• Main Authors: Peron, Gregorio, Dall'Acqua, Stefano, Sorrenti, Vincenzo, Carrara, Maria, tinguerra, Stefano, Zorzi, Giulia, Buriani, Alessandro
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Breath test; Breath tests; Clinical medicine; Enzymes; Gastroenterology; Genotype & phenotype; Hydrogen; Intestinal malabsorption; Laboratories; Lactose; Lactose intolerance; Lactose malabsorption; Medical research; Original Research; Population; Retrospective analysis; Studies; Systematic review
• ISSN: 1178-7023; 1178-7023
• DOI: 10.2147/CEG.S163962

Background: Lactose malabsorption is normally evaluated by measuring exhaled H2 produced by intestinal flora, from unabsorbed lactose. However, differing microbiome composition can lead to the production of CH4 instead of H2; hence, some authors challenge the H2 method sensitivity and favor the evaluation of both intestinal gases. Aim: To compare different approaches to usage of a lactose breath test for lactose malabsorption diagnosis, after medical evaluation of gastrointestinal symptoms. Methods: In a retrospective observational study, we compared the 2 approaches in a population of 282 subjects in Northern Italy. Following oral lactose administration, exhaled samples were harvested every 30 minutes for 4 hours and prepared for H2 and CH4 analysis. Basal gas levels were subtracted from H2 and CH4 ppm and values at 4 hours and peaks were considered for analysis.Results: Applying the standard methodology, which takes separately into consideration H2 and CH4 produced in the intestinal lumen, the results indicated that 11.7% of the patients were diagnosed “positive” for hypolactasia, differently from what was expected. Conversely, taking into consideration the sum of H2 and CH4, the percentage increased to 62.8%, closer to the expected one. No significant differences were found when comparing the 2 groups for age, gender, or symptoms. The sizable difference between the 2 approaches is likely linked to gut microbiome variability, and consequently the different production of the 2 gases, in the population. Conclusion: The threshold normally used for lactose breath test should be reconsidered and changed, merging H2 and CH4 stoichiometric values to increase sensitivity.