Regulatory T Cells in the Immunodiagnosis and Outcome of Kidney Allograft Rejection

Acute rejection (AR) is responsible for up to 12% of graft loss with the highest risk generally occurring during the first six months after transplantation. AR may be broadly classified into humoral as well as cellular rejection. Cellular rejection develops when donor alloantigens, presented by anti...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Clinical & developmental immunology 2013-01, Vol.2013 (2013), p.1-7
Main Authors: Paganizza, L., Castagnola, V., Capria, A., Mascali, A., Franzese, Ornella, Di Daniele, Nicola
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Alloantigens
Biomarkers
Biomarkers - metabolism
Cell adhesion & migration
Cell Communication
Chemokines
Cytotoxicity
Endothelium
Graft Rejection - immunology
Graft Rejection - pathology
Graft Survival
Humans
Immune system
Immunology
Kidney Transplantation
Lymphocytes
Medicine
Multivariate analysis
Prognosis
Review
Studies
T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic - immunology
T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic - pathology
T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory - immunology
T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory - pathology
Th1 Cells - immunology
Th1 Cells - pathology
Th2 Cells - immunology
Th2 Cells - pathology
Transplantation Tolerance
Transplantation, Homologous
Transplants & implants
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Summary:Acute rejection (AR) is responsible for up to 12% of graft loss with the highest risk generally occurring during the first six months after transplantation. AR may be broadly classified into humoral as well as cellular rejection. Cellular rejection develops when donor alloantigens, presented by antigen-presenting cells (APCs) through class I or class II HLA molecules, activate the immune response against the allograft, resulting in activation of naive T cells that differentiate into subsets including cytotoxic CD8+ and helper CD4+ T cells type 1 (TH1) and TH2 cells or into cytoprotective immunoregulatory T cells (Tregs). The immune reaction directed against a renal allograft has been suggested to be characterized by two major components: a destructive one, mediated by CD4+ helper and CD8+ cytotoxic T cells, and a protective response, mediated by Tregs. The balance between these two opposite immune responses can significantly affect the graft survival. Many studies have been performed in order to define the role of Tregs either in the immunodiagnosis of transplant rejection or as predictor of the clinical outcome. However, information available from the literature shows a contradictory picture that deserves further investigation.
ISSN:2314-8861
1740-2522
2314-7156
1740-2530
DOI:10.1155/2013/852395