Addressing the Needs of the Rapidly Aging Society through the Development of Multifunctional Bioactive Coatings for Orthopedic Applications

• Published in: International journal of molecular sciences 2022-03, Vol.23 (5), p.2786
• Main Authors: Mastnak, Tinkara, Maver, Uroš, Finšgar, Matjaž
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Aged; Aging; Anti-Bacterial Agents - chemistry; Antiinfectives and antibacterials; antimicrobial; Antimicrobial agents; Biocompatibility; Biocompatible Materials - chemistry; Biological activity; Biological properties; biomaterials; Biomedical materials; Bone surgery; Chronic illnesses; Coated Materials, Biocompatible - chemistry; Coated Materials, Biocompatible - pharmacology; Coatings; Complex patients; Corrosion; drug delivery; Geriatrics; Health services; Hospital costs; Humans; Infections; Joint replacement surgery; Joint surgery; Life span; Metals; multifunctional coatings; Older people; Orthopaedic implants; orthopedic implants; Orthopedics; Pain; pain relief; Patients; Polypharmacy; Population; Prostheses; Prostheses and Implants; Review; Surface Properties; Surface treatment; Surgical outcomes; Transplants & implants
• ISSN: 1422-0067; 1661-6596; 1422-0067
• DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052786

The unprecedented aging of the world's population will boost the need for orthopedic implants and expose their current limitations to a greater extent due to the medical complexity of elderly patients and longer indwelling times of the implanted materials. Biocompatible metals with multifunctional bioactive coatings promise to provide the means for the controlled and tailorable release of different medications for patient-specific treatment while prolonging the material's lifespan and thus improving the surgical outcome. The objective of this work is to provide a review of several groups of biocompatible materials that might be utilized as constituents for the development of multifunctional bioactive coatings on metal materials with a focus on antimicrobial, pain-relieving, and anticoagulant properties. Moreover, the review presents a summary of medications used in clinical settings, the disadvantages of the commercially available products, and insight into the latest development strategies. For a more successful translation of such research into clinical practice, extensive knowledge of the chemical interactions between the components and a detailed understanding of the properties and mechanisms of biological matter are required. Moreover, the cost-efficiency of the surface treatment should be considered in the development process.