Strategies for Overcoming Immune Evasion in Bladder Cancer

Tumors intricately shape a highly immunosuppressive microenvironment, hampering effective antitumor immune responses through diverse mechanisms. Consequently, achieving optimal efficacy in cancer immunotherapy necessitates the reorganization of the tumor microenvironment and restoration of immune re...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:International journal of molecular sciences 2024-03, Vol.25 (6), p.3105
Main Authors: Shin, Juhyun, Park, Jeong Won, Kim, Seon Young, Lee, Jun Ho, Choi, Wahn Soo, Kim, Hyuk Soon
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Antibodies
Antigens
B cells
BCG
BCG vaccines
Bladder cancer
Cancer therapies
Chemotherapy
Clinical trials
Dendritic cells
Development and progression
Diseases
FDA approval
Health aspects
Humans
immune checkpoint inhibitor
Immune Evasion
Immune response
Immune system
immunoregulatory cell
Immunotherapy
Ligands
Lymphocytes
Medical prognosis
Medical research
Metastasis
Monoclonal antibodies
Relapse
Review
Tuberculosis
Tumor Microenvironment
Tumors
Urinary Bladder Neoplasms - pathology
Urological surgery
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Summary:Tumors intricately shape a highly immunosuppressive microenvironment, hampering effective antitumor immune responses through diverse mechanisms. Consequently, achieving optimal efficacy in cancer immunotherapy necessitates the reorganization of the tumor microenvironment and restoration of immune responses. Bladder cancer, ranking as the second most prevalent malignant tumor of the urinary tract, presents a formidable challenge. Immunotherapeutic interventions including intravesical BCG and immune checkpoint inhibitors such as atezolizumab, avelumab, and pembrolizumab have been implemented. However, a substantial unmet need persists as a majority of bladder cancer patients across all stages do not respond adequately to immunotherapy. Bladder cancer establishes a microenvironment that can actively hinder an efficient anti-tumor immune response. A deeper understanding of immune evasion mechanisms in bladder cancer will aid in suppressing recurrence and identifying viable therapeutic targets. This review seeks to elucidate mechanisms of immune evasion specific to bladder cancer and explore novel pathways and molecular targets that might circumvent resistance to immunotherapy.
ISSN:1422-0067
1661-6596
1422-0067
DOI:10.3390/ijms25063105