Synergistic Effect of Metronidazole and Chlorhexidine against Porphyromonas gingivalis Growth: An In Vitro Study

To evaluate the potential synergistic activity of metronidazole (MTZ) and chlorhexidine (CHX) against growth. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests of to MTZ and CHX were performed on in vitro serial 2-fold dilutions of MTZ (from 1 mg/mL to 0.015 mg/mL) and CHX (from 1 mg/mL to 0.03 mg/mL) in thioglyco...

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Published in:Dentistry journal 2024-09, Vol.12 (10), p.307
Main Authors: Lorenzi, Claudia, Lio, Fabrizio, Mazzetti, Vincenzo, Carosi, Paolo, Lamelza, Stefano, Pistoia, Enrico Salvatore, Pica, Francesca, Gaziano, Roberta
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Antibiotics
Antimicrobial agents
Atherosclerosis
Bacteria
Chlorhexidine
Clinical trials
Drug dosages
Drug resistance
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
Gum disease
In vitro methods and tests
Inflammation
Metronidazole
Microbiota
Minimum inhibitory concentration
periodontitis
Porphyromonas gingivalis
Resveratrol
Spectrophotometry
Synergism
Synergistic effect
Turbidity
Type 2 diabetes
Wavelengths
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Summary:To evaluate the potential synergistic activity of metronidazole (MTZ) and chlorhexidine (CHX) against growth. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests of to MTZ and CHX were performed on in vitro serial 2-fold dilutions of MTZ (from 1 mg/mL to 0.015 mg/mL) and CHX (from 1 mg/mL to 0.03 mg/mL) in thioglycollate medium broth in a 96-well plate. The turbidity of each sample was analyzed by absorbance spectrophotometry at 450 nm wavelengths by using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) reader. The MIC50 (minimum inhibitory concentration) and MBC (minimum bactericidal concentration) were assessed. To investigate the potential synergism between MTZ and CHX, bacterial cells were treated with MTZ or CHX, as described above, either alone or in combination. The MIC of MTZ was 0.03 mg/mL while that of CHX ranged from 0.12 to 0.06 mg/mL. MTZ and CHX exerted a significant inhibitory effect on growth in a dose-dependent manner. MTZ at a low and ineffective concentration of 0.015 mg/mL, associated with a suboptimal concentration of CHX (0.03 mg/mL), exhibited a significant synergistic inhibitory effect on bacterial growth (50% inhibition vs. control) ( < 0.001), and the effect was more remarkable with 0.06 mg/mL CHX (75% inhibition vs. control). CHX and MTZ showed a significant synergistic effect against growth. A non-effective concentration of MTZ (0.015 mg/mL) combined with suboptimal concentrations of CHX (0.03 mg/mL and 0.06 mg/mL) were related to a 50% growth in the inhibition and 99.99% death of , respectively. The applicability of the clinical use of these concentrations should be tested in randomized controlled trials.
ISSN:2304-6767
2304-6767
DOI:10.3390/dj12100307