Advancements in Imaging and Therapeutic Options for Dry Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Geographic Atrophy

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of vision loss in the elderly, with dry AMD (d-AMD) leading to geographic atrophy (GA) and significant visual impairment. Multimodal imaging plays a crucial role in d-AMD diagnosis and management, allowing for detailed classification of patie...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Ophthalmology and therapy 2024-08, Vol.13 (8), p.2067-2082
Main Authors: Servillo, Andrea, Sacconi, Riccardo, Oldoni, Gloria, Barlocci, Eugenio, Tombolini, Beatrice, Battista, Marco, Fantaguzzi, Federico, Rissotto, Federico, Mularoni, Cecilia, Parravano, Mariacristina, Zucchiatti, Ilaria, Querques, Lea, Bandello, Francesco, Querques, Giuseppe
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Age-related macular degeneration
Anticomplement factor therapy
Geographic atrophy
Internal Medicine
Medicine
Medicine & Public Health
Multimodal imaging
Ophthalmology
Review
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Summary:Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of vision loss in the elderly, with dry AMD (d-AMD) leading to geographic atrophy (GA) and significant visual impairment. Multimodal imaging plays a crucial role in d-AMD diagnosis and management, allowing for detailed classification of patient phenotypes and aiding in treatment planning and prognosis determination. Treatment approaches for d-AMD have recently witnessed profound change with the development of specific drugs targeting the complement cascade, with the first anticomplement agents recently approved for GA treatment. Additionally, emerging strategies such as gene therapy and laser treatments may offer potential benefits, though further research is needed to fully establish their efficacy. However, the lack of effective therapies capable of restoring damaged retinal cells remains a major challenge. In the future, genetic treatments aimed at preventing the progression of d-AMD may emerge as a powerful approach. Currently, however, their development is still in the early stages.
ISSN:2193-8245
2193-6528
DOI:10.1007/s40123-024-00970-7