Interactions between West Nile Virus and the Microbiota of Culex pipiens Vectors: A Literature Review

The flavivirus West Nile virus (WNV) naturally circulates between mosquitoes and birds, potentially affecting humans and horses. Different species of mosquitoes play a role as vectors of WNV, with those of the complex being particularly crucial for its circulation. Different biotic and abiotic facto...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Pathogens (Basel) 2023-10, Vol.12 (11), p.1287
Main Authors: Garrigós, Marta, Garrido, Mario, Panisse, Guillermo, Veiga, Jesús, Martínez-de la Puente, Josué
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Abiotic factors
Animal health
Aquatic insects
Bacteria
Birds
Culex pipiens
Culicidae
Dengue fever
Epidemics
Epidemiology
Fatalities
Females
flavivirus
Horses
Infections
insect vectors
Intestinal microflora
Literature reviews
Microbiomes
Microbiota
Microorganisms
mosquito microbiota
mosquito-borne pathogens
Mosquitoes
Pathogens
Tropical diseases
vector competence
Vector-borne diseases
Vectors
Vectors (mathematics)
Viral infections
Viruses
West Nile virus
Wolbachia
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Summary:The flavivirus West Nile virus (WNV) naturally circulates between mosquitoes and birds, potentially affecting humans and horses. Different species of mosquitoes play a role as vectors of WNV, with those of the complex being particularly crucial for its circulation. Different biotic and abiotic factors determine the capacity of mosquitoes for pathogen transmission, with the mosquito gut microbiota being recognized as an important one. Here, we review the published studies on the interactions between the microbiota of the complex and WNV infections in mosquitoes. Most articles published so far studied the interactions between bacteria of the genus and WNV infections, obtaining variable results regarding the directionality of this relationship. In contrast, only a few studies investigate the role of the whole microbiome or other bacterial taxa in WNV infections. These studies suggest that bacteria of the genera and may enhance WNV development. Thus, due to the relevance of WNV in human and animal health and the important role of mosquitoes of the complex in its transmission, more research is needed to unravel the role of mosquito microbiota and those factors affecting this microbiota on pathogen epidemiology. In this respect, we finally propose future lines of research lines on this topic.
ISSN:2076-0817
2076-0817
DOI:10.3390/pathogens12111287