Hysteresis in Organic Electrochemical Transistors: Relation to the Electrochemical Properties of the Semiconductor

The ability to bridge ionic and electronic transport coupled with large volumetric capacitance renders organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) ideal candidates for bioelectronic applications. Adopting ionic-liquid-based solid electrolytes extends their applicability and facilitates large-area pr...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Applied sciences 2023-05, Vol.13 (9), p.5754
Main Authors: Shameem, Raufar, Bongartz, Lukas M., Weissbach, Anton, Kleemann, Hans, Leo, Karl
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Analysis
Annealing
bias stress
Bioelectricity
Capacitance
Capacitance bridges
Chemical properties
Circuit components
Composite materials
Electrochemical analysis
Electrochemistry
Electrodes
Electrolytes
Electron transport
Etching
Ethanol
Glass substrates
Hysteresis
Ionic liquids
Molten salt electrolytes
organic electrochemical transistors
organic mixed ionic–electronic conductors
Polymerization
Polymers
Semiconductor devices
Solid electrolytes
Spectroscopy
Transconductance
Transistors
vapor phase polymerization
Vapor phases
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Summary:The ability to bridge ionic and electronic transport coupled with large volumetric capacitance renders organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) ideal candidates for bioelectronic applications. Adopting ionic-liquid-based solid electrolytes extends their applicability and facilitates large-area printable productions. However, OETCs employing solid electrolytes tend to show a pronounced hysteresis in the transfer curve. A detailed understanding of the hysteresis is crucial for their accurate characterizations and reliable applications. Here, we demonstrated fully photopatternable poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):tosylate (PEDOT:Tos)- based OECTs incorporating the ionic liquid [EMIM][EtSO4] in a solid electrolyte (SE). The PEDOT:Tos films deposited through vapor phase polymerization (VPP) were annealed for different durations after the polymerization step. Upon rinsing with ethanol and the deposition of the SE, the OECTs made of these films showed impressive bias stress stability under prolonged operation cycles, a high switching ratio, a low threshold voltage, and a high transconductance. Furthermore, by taking transfer measurements with different sweep rates, we revealed two distinct regimes of hysteresis: kinetic hysteresis and non-kinetic hysteresis. We observed pronounced changes in these regimes after annealing. Finally, impedance spectroscopy exhibited that the PEDOT:Tos turned from a Faradaic to a non-Faradaic response through annealing, explaining the observed hysteresis changes in both regimes.
ISSN:2076-3417
2076-3417
DOI:10.3390/app13095754