Exploring bridge symptoms in HIV-positive people with comorbid depressive and anxiety disorders

Background The prevalence of comorbid depressive and anxiety disorders in people living with HIV (PLWH) is high. However, it is unclear which symptom is the bridge symptom between depression and anxiety in PLWH. This study aimed to develop symptom networks for depression and anxiety and explore the...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:BMC psychiatry 2022-07, Vol.22 (1), p.1-448, Article 448
Main Authors: Liu, Xiaoning, Wang, Hui, Zhu, Zheng, Zhang, Liyuan, Cao, Jing, Zhang, Lin, Yang, Hongli, Wen, Huan, Hu, Yan, Chen, Congzhou, Lu, Hongzhou
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Acquired immune deficiency syndrome
AIDS
Anxiety
Anxiety disorders
Bridge symptom
Care and treatment
Chronic illnesses
Comorbid patients
Comorbidity
Depression
Depression, Mental
Diagnosis
HIV
HIV patients
HIV/AIDS
Hospitals
Human immunodeficiency virus
Influence
Informed consent
Mental depression
Mental disorders
Psychiatry
Psychological aspects
Psychological manifestations of general diseases
Psychotherapy
Risk factors
Symptom network
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Summary:Background The prevalence of comorbid depressive and anxiety disorders in people living with HIV (PLWH) is high. However, it is unclear which symptom is the bridge symptom between depression and anxiety in PLWH. This study aimed to develop symptom networks for depression and anxiety and explore the bridge symptoms and interconnectedness between these disorders in PLWH with comorbid depressive and anxiety disorders. Methods A multisite, hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted from March 2020 to November 2021. Depression and anxiety were measured with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. We visualized the symptom network using the qgraph package and computed the bridge expected influence of each node. The GLASSO layout was used to generate undirected association networks. Results A total of 2016 individuals were included in the analysis. In the anxiety cluster, "not feeling relaxed" had the highest bridge expected influence and strength (r.sub.bridge expected influence = 0.628, r.sub.strength = 0.903). In the depression cluster, "not feeling cheerful" was identified as having a high bridge expected influence (r.sub.bridge expected influence = 0.385). "Not feeling cheerful" and "not feeling relaxed" were the strongest edges across the depression and anxiety clusters (r = 0.30 [+ or -] 0.02). Conclusions Healthcare professionals should take note when PLWH report severe bridge symptoms. To enhance the levels of perceived cheerfulness and relaxation, positive psychology interventions could be implemented. Keywords: HIV/AIDS, Depression, Anxiety, Symptom network, Bridge symptom
ISSN:1471-244X
1471-244X
DOI:10.1186/s12888-022-04088-7