Low-Dose IL-2 Therapy in Autoimmune and Rheumatic Diseases

Regulatory T cells (Treg) are crucial for the maintenance of peripheral tolerance and for the control of ongoing inflammation and autoimmunity. The cytokine interleukin-2 (IL-2) is essentially required for the growth and survival of Treg in the peripheral lymphatic tissues and thus plays a vital rol...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Frontiers in immunology 2021-04, Vol.12, p.648408
Main Authors: Graßhoff, Hanna, Comdühr, Sara, Monne, Luisa R, Müller, Antje, Lamprecht, Peter, Riemekasten, Gabriela, Humrich, Jens Y
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Autoimmune Diseases - immunology
Autoimmune Diseases - therapy
autoimmunity
Humans
immune regulation
Immune Tolerance
Immunology
immunotherapy
Immunotherapy - methods
interleukin-2
Interleukin-2 - administration & dosage
Interleukin-2 - adverse effects
Interleukin-2 - deficiency
Interleukin-2 - immunology
Mice
regulatory T cell
Rheumatic Diseases - immunology
Rheumatic Diseases - therapy
T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory - immunology
Treatment Outcome
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Summary:Regulatory T cells (Treg) are crucial for the maintenance of peripheral tolerance and for the control of ongoing inflammation and autoimmunity. The cytokine interleukin-2 (IL-2) is essentially required for the growth and survival of Treg in the peripheral lymphatic tissues and thus plays a vital role in the biology of Treg. Most autoimmune and rheumatic diseases exhibit disturbances in Treg biology either at a numerical or functional level resulting in an imbalance between protective and pathogenic immune cells. In addition, in some autoimmune diseases, a relative deficiency of IL-2 develops during disease pathogenesis leading to a disturbance of Treg homeostasis, which further amplifies the vicious cycle of tolerance breach and chronic inflammation. Low-dose IL-2 therapy aims either to compensate for this IL-2 deficiency to restore a physiological state or to strengthen the Treg population in order to be more effective in counter-regulating inflammation while avoiding global immunosuppression. Here we highlight key findings and summarize recent advances in the clinical translation of low-dose IL-2 therapy for the treatment of autoimmune and rheumatic diseases.
ISSN:1664-3224
1664-3224
DOI:10.3389/fimmu.2021.648408