Intranasal Administration of Recombinant Newcastle Disease Virus Expressing SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Protects hACE2 TG Mice against Lethal SARS-CoV-2 Infection

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), emerged as a global outbreak in 2019, profoundly affecting both human health and the global economy. Various vaccine modalities were developed and commercialized to overcome this challenge, i...

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Published in:Vaccines (Basel) 2024-08, Vol.12 (8), p.921
Main Authors: Kim, Deok-Hwan, Lee, Jiho, Lee, Da-Ye, Lee, Seung-Hun, Jeong, Jei-Hyun, Kim, Ji-Yun, Kim, Jiwon, Choi, Yang-Kyu, Lee, Joong-Bok, Park, Seung-Young, Choi, In-Soo, Lee, Sang-Won, Youk, Sungsu, Song, Chang-Seon
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Antigens
Commercialization
Coronaviruses
COVID-19
COVID-19 vaccines
Disease transmission
Eggs
Enzymes
Global economy
Immunity
Immunity (Disease)
Immunoglobulin A
Immunoglobulin G
Infections
Intranasal administration
intranasal vaccine
lung viral load
Lungs
mRNA
Mucosal immunity
Newcastle disease
Newcastle disease virus vector-based vaccine
Proteins
Respiratory diseases
Respiratory system
SARS-CoV-2
SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific IgA
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
Spike protein
Survival
Transgenic mice
Vaccines
Viral diseases
Viruses
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Summary:Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), emerged as a global outbreak in 2019, profoundly affecting both human health and the global economy. Various vaccine modalities were developed and commercialized to overcome this challenge, including inactivated vaccines, mRNA vaccines, adenovirus vector-based vaccines, and subunit vaccines. While intramuscular vaccines induce high IgG levels, they often fail to stimulate significant mucosal immunity in the respiratory system. We employed the Newcastle disease virus (NDV) vector expressing the spike protein of the SARS-CoV-2 Beta variant (rK148/beta-S), and evaluated the efficacy of intranasal vaccination with rK148/beta-S in K18-hACE2 transgenic mice. Intranasal vaccination with a low dose (10 EID ) resulted in an 86% survival rate after challenge with the SARS-CoV-2 Beta variant. Administration at a high dose (10 EID ) led to a reduction in lung viral load and 100% survival against the SARS-CoV-2 Beta and Delta variants. A high level of the SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific IgA was also induced in vaccinated mice lungs following the SARS-CoV-2 challenge. Our findings suggest that rK148/beta-S holds promise as an intranasal vaccine candidate that effectively induces mucosal immunity against SARS-CoV-2.
ISSN:2076-393X
2076-393X
DOI:10.3390/vaccines12080921