Transcriptional Analysis Allows Genome Reannotation and Reveals that Cryptococcus gattii VGII Undergoes Nutrient Restriction during Infection

is a human and animal pathogen that infects healthy hosts and caused the Pacific Northwest outbreak of cryptococcosis. The inhalation of infectious propagules can lead to internalization of cryptococcal cells by alveolar macrophages, a niche in which cells can survive and proliferate. Although the n...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Microorganisms (Basel) 2017-08, Vol.5 (3), p.49
Main Authors: Ferrareze, Patrícia Aline Gröhs, Streit, Rodrigo Silva Araujo, Santos, Patricia Ribeiro Dos, Santos, Francine Melise Dos, Almeida, Rita Maria Cunha de, Schrank, Augusto, Kmetzsch, Livia, Vainstein, Marilene Henning, Staats, Charley Christian
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Alveoli
amino acid
Amino acid composition
Amino acids
Ammonium
annotation
bronchoalveolar lavage
Carbohydrate metabolism
Carbohydrates
Carbon sources
Cryptococcosis
Cryptococcus
Cryptococcus gattii
Data processing
Dietary restrictions
Genes
genome
Genomes
Inhalation
Internalization
Macrophages
Metabolism
Nitrogen sources
Nutrients
Outbreaks
Permease
Propagules
R265
Respiration
Ribonucleic acid
RNA
Transcription
transcriptome
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Summary:is a human and animal pathogen that infects healthy hosts and caused the Pacific Northwest outbreak of cryptococcosis. The inhalation of infectious propagules can lead to internalization of cryptococcal cells by alveolar macrophages, a niche in which cells can survive and proliferate. Although the nutrient composition of macrophages is relatively unknown, the high induction of amino acid transporter genes inside the phagosome indicates a preference for amino acid uptake instead of synthesis. However, the presence of countable errors in the R265 genome annotation indicates significant inhibition of transcriptomic analysis in this hypervirulent strain. Thus, we analyzed RNA-Seq data from in vivo and in vitro cultures of R265 to perform the reannotation of the genome. In addition, based on in vivo transcriptomic data, we identified highly expressed genes and pathways of amino acid metabolism that would enable to survive and proliferate in vivo. Importantly, we identified high expression in three APC amino acid transporters as well as the GABA permease. The use of amino acids as carbon and nitrogen sources, releasing ammonium and generating carbohydrate metabolism intermediaries, also explains the high expression of components of several degradative pathways, since glucose starvation is an important host defense mechanism.
ISSN:2076-2607
2076-2607
DOI:10.3390/microorganisms5030049