Non-Coding RNAs in Human Cancer and Other Diseases: Overview of the Diagnostic Potential

Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are abundant single-stranded RNA molecules in human cells, involved in various cellular processes ranging from DNA replication and mRNA translation regulation to genome stability defense. MicroRNAs are multifunctional ncRNA molecules of 18-24 nt in length, involved in gene s...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:International journal of molecular sciences 2023-11, Vol.24 (22), p.16213
Main Authors: Beňačka, Roman, Szabóová, Daniela, Guľašová, Zuzana, Hertelyová, Zdenka, Radoňak, Jozef
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Addictive behaviors
Animals
Biomarkers
Biosynthesis
Cancer
Cell cycle
Cell differentiation
Cell growth
Cells
DNA repair
DNA replication
Epigenetic inheritance
Gene expression
Genes
Genetic engineering
Genetic transcription
Genetic translation
Genomes
Genomic Instability
Genomics
Health aspects
Humans
long non-coding RNA
Messenger RNA
MicroRNA
MicroRNAs
MicroRNAs - genetics
Neoplasms - diagnosis
Neoplasms - genetics
non-coding RNAs
Nucleotides
piwi-interacting RNA
Proteins
RNA, Long Noncoding - genetics
RNA, Untranslated - genetics
small interfering RNA
small nuclear RNA
Telomeres
Transfer RNA
Transposons
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Summary:Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are abundant single-stranded RNA molecules in human cells, involved in various cellular processes ranging from DNA replication and mRNA translation regulation to genome stability defense. MicroRNAs are multifunctional ncRNA molecules of 18-24 nt in length, involved in gene silencing through base-pair complementary binding to target mRNA transcripts. piwi-interacting RNAs are an animal-specific class of small ncRNAs sized 26-31 nt, responsible for the defense of genome stability via the epigenetic and post-transcriptional silencing of transposable elements. Long non-coding RNAs are ncRNA molecules defined as transcripts of more than 200 nucleotides, their function depending on localization, and varying from the regulation of cell differentiation and development to the regulation of telomere-specific heterochromatin modifications. The current review provides recent data on the several forms of small and long non-coding RNA's potential to act as diagnostic, prognostic or therapeutic target for various human diseases.
ISSN:1422-0067
1661-6596
1422-0067
DOI:10.3390/ijms242216213