Extracellular vesicles in the treatment of neurological disorders

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small, cell-derived membranous particles containing various nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids that play essential roles in intercellular communication. Evidence indicating that part of the regenerative benefit from stem cell therapy arises through EVs released from...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Neurobiology of disease 2021-09, Vol.157, p.105445-105445, Article 105445
Main Authors: Reed, Samantha L., Escayg, Andrew
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Blood-Brain Barrier - metabolism
Brain - metabolism
Brain Injuries, Traumatic - metabolism
Brain Injuries, Traumatic - therapy
Cell Communication
Cell Death
Ectosome
Exosome
Extracellular vesicle
Extracellular Vesicles - metabolism
Extracellular Vesicles - transplantation
Gliosis
Humans
Mesenchymal Stem Cells - metabolism
Microvesicle
Nervous System Diseases - metabolism
Nervous System Diseases - therapy
Neural Stem Cells - metabolism
Neuroglia - metabolism
Neuroinflammatory Diseases
Neurological disease
Phagocytosis
Stem Cell Transplantation
Stroke - metabolism
Stroke - therapy
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Summary:Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small, cell-derived membranous particles containing various nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids that play essential roles in intercellular communication. Evidence indicating that part of the regenerative benefit from stem cell therapy arises through EVs released from transplanted cells created interest in using EVs for clinical applications. EVs from various cellular sources, including mesenchymal stem cells, neural stem cells, and glia, are efficacious in models of neurological disease. In these models, EVs attenuate reactive gliosis, neuronal death, pro-inflammatory signaling, as well as reduce cognitive, behavioral, and motor deficits. EVs are naturally permeable to the blood-brain barrier and can be modified to contain molecules of interest, thereby also serving as a vehicle to transport therapeutics into the brain. This review summarizes the current state of research using EVs as a treatment in models of neurological disorders and highlights considerations for future research.
ISSN:0969-9961
1095-953X
1095-953X
DOI:10.1016/j.nbd.2021.105445