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The pigeon circovirus evolution, epidemiology and interaction with the host immune system under One Loft Race rearing conditions
This study was aimed to investigate the frequency of PiCV recombination, the kinetics of PiCV viremia and shedding and the correlation between viral replication and host immune response in young pigeons subclinically infected with various PiCV variants and kept under conditions mimicking the OLR sys...
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| Published in: | Scientific reports 2024-06, Vol.14 (1), p.13815-17 |
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| creator | Stenzel, Tomasz Dziewulska, Daria Łukaszuk, Ewa Custer, Joy M. De Koch, Matthew D. Kraberger, Simona Varsani, Arvind |
| description | This study was aimed to investigate the frequency of PiCV recombination, the kinetics of PiCV viremia and shedding and the correlation between viral replication and host immune response in young pigeons subclinically infected with various PiCV variants and kept under conditions mimicking the OLR system. Fifteen racing pigeons originating from five breeding facilities were housed together for six weeks. Blood and cloacal swab samples were collected from birds every seven days to recover complete PiCV genomes and determine PiCV genetic diversity and recombination dynamics, as well as to assess virus shedding rate, level of viremia, expression of selected genes and level of anti-PiCV antibodies. Three hundred and eighty-eight complete PiCV genomes were obtained and thirteen genotypes were distinguished. Twenty-five recombination events were detected. Recombinants emerged during the first three weeks of the experiment which was consistent with the peak level of viremia and viral shedding. A further decrease in viremia and shedding partially corresponded with IFN-γ and MX1 gene expression and antibody dynamics. Considering the role of OLR pigeon rearing system in spreading infectious agents and allowing their recombination, it would be reasonable to reflect on the relevance of pigeon racing from both an animal welfare and epidemiological perspective. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1038/s41598-024-64587-3 |
| format | article |
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Fifteen racing pigeons originating from five breeding facilities were housed together for six weeks. Blood and cloacal swab samples were collected from birds every seven days to recover complete PiCV genomes and determine PiCV genetic diversity and recombination dynamics, as well as to assess virus shedding rate, level of viremia, expression of selected genes and level of anti-PiCV antibodies. Three hundred and eighty-eight complete PiCV genomes were obtained and thirteen genotypes were distinguished. Twenty-five recombination events were detected. Recombinants emerged during the first three weeks of the experiment which was consistent with the peak level of viremia and viral shedding. A further decrease in viremia and shedding partially corresponded with IFN-γ and MX1 gene expression and antibody dynamics. Considering the role of OLR pigeon rearing system in spreading infectious agents and allowing their recombination, it would be reasonable to reflect on the relevance of pigeon racing from both an animal welfare and epidemiological perspective.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2045-2322</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2045-2322</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-64587-3</identifier><identifier>PMID: 38877168</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>London: Nature Publishing Group UK</publisher><subject>631/326/421 ; 631/326/596/2554 ; Animal welfare ; Animals ; Antibodies, Viral - blood ; Antibodies, Viral - immunology ; Bird Diseases - epidemiology ; Bird Diseases - immunology ; Bird Diseases - virology ; Circoviridae Infections - epidemiology ; Circoviridae Infections - immunology ; Circoviridae Infections - veterinary ; Circoviridae Infections - virology ; Circovirus - genetics ; Circovirus - immunology ; Columbidae - virology ; ddPCR ; Epidemiology ; Evolution ; Gene expression ; Genetic diversity ; Genome, Viral ; Genomes ; Genotype ; Genotypes ; Humanities and Social Sciences ; Immune response ; Immune system ; multidisciplinary ; One Loft Race ; Phylogeny ; Pigeon circovirus ; Recombinants ; Recombination ; Recombination, Genetic ; Science ; Science (multidisciplinary) ; Viral evolution ; Viremia ; Viremia - epidemiology ; Viremia - immunology ; Viremia - virology ; Virus Replication ; Virus Shedding ; γ-Interferon</subject><ispartof>Scientific reports, 2024-06, Vol.14 (1), p.13815-17</ispartof><rights>The Author(s) 2024</rights><rights>2024. The Author(s).</rights><rights>The Author(s) 2024. This work is published under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). 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Considering the role of OLR pigeon rearing system in spreading infectious agents and allowing their recombination, it would be reasonable to reflect on the relevance of pigeon racing from both an animal welfare and epidemiological perspective.</description><subject>631/326/421</subject><subject>631/326/596/2554</subject><subject>Animal welfare</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Antibodies, Viral - blood</subject><subject>Antibodies, Viral - immunology</subject><subject>Bird Diseases - epidemiology</subject><subject>Bird Diseases - immunology</subject><subject>Bird Diseases - virology</subject><subject>Circoviridae Infections - epidemiology</subject><subject>Circoviridae Infections - immunology</subject><subject>Circoviridae Infections - veterinary</subject><subject>Circoviridae Infections - virology</subject><subject>Circovirus - genetics</subject><subject>Circovirus - immunology</subject><subject>Columbidae - virology</subject><subject>ddPCR</subject><subject>Epidemiology</subject><subject>Evolution</subject><subject>Gene expression</subject><subject>Genetic diversity</subject><subject>Genome, Viral</subject><subject>Genomes</subject><subject>Genotype</subject><subject>Genotypes</subject><subject>Humanities and Social Sciences</subject><subject>Immune response</subject><subject>Immune system</subject><subject>multidisciplinary</subject><subject>One Loft Race</subject><subject>Phylogeny</subject><subject>Pigeon circovirus</subject><subject>Recombinants</subject><subject>Recombination</subject><subject>Recombination, Genetic</subject><subject>Science</subject><subject>Science (multidisciplinary)</subject><subject>Viral evolution</subject><subject>Viremia</subject><subject>Viremia - 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Fifteen racing pigeons originating from five breeding facilities were housed together for six weeks. Blood and cloacal swab samples were collected from birds every seven days to recover complete PiCV genomes and determine PiCV genetic diversity and recombination dynamics, as well as to assess virus shedding rate, level of viremia, expression of selected genes and level of anti-PiCV antibodies. Three hundred and eighty-eight complete PiCV genomes were obtained and thirteen genotypes were distinguished. Twenty-five recombination events were detected. Recombinants emerged during the first three weeks of the experiment which was consistent with the peak level of viremia and viral shedding. A further decrease in viremia and shedding partially corresponded with IFN-γ and MX1 gene expression and antibody dynamics. 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| subjects | 631/326/421 631/326/596/2554 Animal welfare Animals Antibodies, Viral - blood Antibodies, Viral - immunology Bird Diseases - epidemiology Bird Diseases - immunology Bird Diseases - virology Circoviridae Infections - epidemiology Circoviridae Infections - immunology Circoviridae Infections - veterinary Circoviridae Infections - virology Circovirus - genetics Circovirus - immunology Columbidae - virology ddPCR Epidemiology Evolution Gene expression Genetic diversity Genome, Viral Genomes Genotype Genotypes Humanities and Social Sciences Immune response Immune system multidisciplinary One Loft Race Phylogeny Pigeon circovirus Recombinants Recombination Recombination, Genetic Science Science (multidisciplinary) Viral evolution Viremia Viremia - epidemiology Viremia - immunology Viremia - virology Virus Replication Virus Shedding γ-Interferon |
| title | The pigeon circovirus evolution, epidemiology and interaction with the host immune system under One Loft Race rearing conditions |
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