Influenza viruses and mRNA splicing: doing more with less

During their nuclear replication stage, influenza viruses hijack the host splicing machinery to process some of their RNA segments, the M and NS segments. In this review, we provide an overview of the current knowledge gathered on this interplay between influenza viruses and the cellular spliceosome...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:mBio 2014-05, Vol.5 (3), p.e00070-e00014
Main Authors: Dubois, Julia, Terrier, Olivier, Rosa-Calatrava, Manuel
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
evolution
Gene Expression Regulation
Gene Expression Regulation, Viral
host range
Humans
messenger RNA
Minireview
Orthomyxoviridae
Orthomyxoviridae - genetics
Orthomyxoviridae - metabolism
Orthomyxoviridae - pathogenicity
Orthomyxoviridae Infections - virology
pathogenesis
RNA Precursors - genetics
RNA Precursors - metabolism
RNA Splicing
RNA, Messenger - genetics
RNA, Messenger - metabolism
RNA, Viral
sequence alignment
spliceosomes
Viral Nonstructural Proteins - genetics
Viral Tropism
Virus Replication
viruses
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Summary:During their nuclear replication stage, influenza viruses hijack the host splicing machinery to process some of their RNA segments, the M and NS segments. In this review, we provide an overview of the current knowledge gathered on this interplay between influenza viruses and the cellular spliceosome, with a particular focus on influenza A viruses (IAV). These viruses have developed accurate regulation mechanisms to reassign the host spliceosome to alter host cellular expression and enable an optimal expression of specific spliced viral products throughout infection. Moreover, IAV segments undergoing splicing display high levels of similarity with human consensus splice sites and their viral transcripts show noteworthy secondary structures. Sequence alignments and consensus analyses, along with recently published studies, suggest both conservation and evolution of viral splice site sequences and structure for improved adaptation to the host. Altogether, these results emphasize the ability of IAV to be well adapted to the host's splicing machinery, and further investigations may contribute to a better understanding of splicing regulation with regard to viral replication, host range, and pathogenesis.
ISSN:2161-2129
2150-7511
2150-7511
DOI:10.1128/mBio.00070-14