Lactation Ketoacidosis: A Systematic Review of Case Reports

• Published in: Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) Lithuania), 2020-06, Vol.56 (6), p.299
• Main Authors: Al Alawi, Abdullah M, Al Flaiti, Asma, Falhammar, Henrik
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Acidosis - drug therapy; Acidosis - etiology; Adult; bovine ketoacidosis; Breast Feeding - adverse effects; Breast Feeding - methods; breastfeeding; Female; high anion gap metabolic acidosis; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents - therapeutic use; Insulin - therapeutic use; ketosis; Ketosis - drug therapy; Ketosis - etiology; Lactation - drug effects; Lactation - metabolism; Lactation - physiology; lactation ketoacidosis; lactation ketonemia; Medicin och hälsovetenskap; Mothers; Review
• ISSN: 1648-9144; 1010-660X; 1648-9144
• DOI: 10.3390/medicina56060299

: Lactation ketoacidosis is a rare cause of high anion gap metabolic acidosis affecting breastfeeding mothers. We aim to review and analyze all cases of lactation ketoacidosis reported. : A systematic search of PubMed/MEDLINE and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), identifying relevant case reports published from 1 January 1970 to 31 December 2019. We extracted the following data: the first author, country, year of publication, age of the mother, age of the child, weight/body mass index (BMI) of the mother, precipitating factors, presenting symptoms, biochemical results, treatment, breastfeeding, and time from presentation to the resolution of ketoacidosis. : Sixteen case reports and 1 case series reporting 18 cases of lactation ketoacidosis were found. Presenting symptoms were nausea (72%, 13/18), vomiting (67%, 12/18), malaise (56%, 10/18), abdominal pain (44%, 8/18), dyspnea (33%, 6/18), headache (22%, 4/18), and palpitation (11%, 2/18). Dieting and physical exercise to lose weight were reported in 76% (14/18). The treatments included IV dextrose, sodium bicarbonate, insulin, rehydration, monitoring and replacement of electrolytes, and resumption of a balanced diet. The prognoses were good, with no mortalities. lactation ketoacidosis should be suspected in unwell breastfeeding women with high anion gap metabolic acidosis, after excluding other causes.