Factors affecting the maxillary and mandibular incisors' buccolingual inclinations and buccal and lingual cortical plate heights

• Published in: BMC oral health 2023-07, Vol.23 (1), p.511-511, Article 511
• Main Authors: Jafary Pour, Seyed Mohammad, Gooran, Morteza, Dabbaghi, Arash, Parsi, Farnoush, Rohani, Ali, Moradinejad, Mehrnaz, Mohagheghi, Seyed Arman, Rakhshan, Vahid
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Age; Alveolar bone; Alveolar bone height; Alveolar process; Analysis; Anatomy; Bones; Computed tomography; Cone-Beam Computed Tomography; CT imaging; Epidemiology; Ethics; Incisors; Incisors’ buccolingual inclination; Jaw; Mandible; Maxilla; Morphological variation; Morphology; Orthodontics; Patient outcomes; Patients; Periodontics; Risk factors; Sample size; Structure; Teeth
• ISSN: 1472-6831; 1472-6831
• DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03225-2

Orthodontics is closely related to periodontics. The buccolingual inclination (BLI) of the incisors and deficiencies in their buccal (BHd) and lingual (LHd) cortical plate heights may affect orthodontic outcomes. Identifying risk factors that can compromise buccal or lingual bone heights may have clinical value. The literature on BLI/BHd/LHd is not only scarce but also limited to one jaw. We aimed to examine, for the first time, factors affecting BLI/BHd/LHd not evaluated before as well as other factors with scarce literature about them. In this two-phase epidemiological and analytical study, inclinations and cortical heights of 248 incisors (bilateral centrals and laterals) were evaluated blindly on 62 randomly selected high-resolution pretreatment cone-beam computed tomography volumes (30 maxillae [13 men, 17 women], 32 mandibles [13 men, 19 women]). The sample was balanced in terms of sexes, jaws, and ages. The BLI/BHd/LHd of bilateral incisors were measured (intraobserver agreement > 95%). The effects of jaws, sexes, age, sides, and incisor types on each of the anatomical variables (BLI/BHd/LHd) were analyzed using a Mixed-Model Multiple Linear Regression analysis. Correlations among continuous variables were assessed using a Pearson coefficient (α = 0.05). For the maxillary centrals, BLI, BHd, and LHd were 106.79 ± 5.06, 1.94 ± 0.95, and 1.50 ± 0.76, respectively. These parameters were '110.56 ± 5.97, 1.81 ± 0.83, 1.23 ± 0.69' for the maxillary laterals; '97.64 ± 8.26, 2.98 ± 1.48, 3.46 ± 1.45' for the mandibular centrals; and '95.98 ± 6.80, 3.29 ± 1.72, and 2.73 ± 1.15' for the mandibular laterals. BLI was greater in the maxilla compared to the mandible and in the lateral incisors compared to centrals (P  0.05). Age, sex, side, or incisor types were not associated with BHd (P > 0.05). LHd was greater in the mandible, older individuals, and centrals (P