Collection of biospecimens from the inspiration4 mission establishes the standards for the space omics and medical atlas (SOMA)

• Published in: Nature communications 2024-06, Vol.15 (1), p.4964-14, Article 4964
• Main Authors: Overbey, Eliah G., Ryon, Krista, Kim, JangKeun, Tierney, Braden T., Klotz, Remi, Ortiz, Veronica, Mullane, Sean, Schmidt, Julian C., MacKay, Matthew, Damle, Namita, Najjar, Deena, Matei, Irina, Patras, Laura, Garcia Medina, J. Sebastian, Kleinman, Ashley S., Wain Hirschberg, Jeremy, Proszynski, Jacqueline, Narayanan, S. Anand, Schmidt, Caleb M., Afshin, Evan E., Innes, Lucinda, Saldarriaga, Mateo Mejia, Schmidt, Michael A., Granstein, Richard D., Shirah, Bader, Yu, Min, Lyden, David, Mateus, Jaime, Mason, Christopher E.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: 38/22; 38/90; 45; 631/208; 631/337; 692/308/53; Aerospace medicine; Astronauts; Biobanks; Biological Specimen Banks; Biopsy; Blood; Collection; Commercial spacecraft; Humanities and Social Sciences; Humans; Leukocytes (mononuclear); Manned space flight; Microorganisms; multidisciplinary; Peripheral blood mononuclear cells; Reusable spacecraft; Saliva; Science; Science (multidisciplinary); Space capsules; Space Flight; Specimen Handling - methods
• ISSN: 2041-1723; 2041-1723
• DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48806-z

The SpaceX Inspiration4 mission provided a unique opportunity to study the impact of spaceflight on the human body. Biospecimen samples were collected from four crew members longitudinally before (Launch: L-92, L-44, L-3 days), during (Flight Day: FD1, FD2, FD3), and after (Return: R + 1, R + 45, R + 82, R + 194 days) spaceflight, spanning a total of 289 days across 2021-2022. The collection process included venous whole blood, capillary dried blood spot cards, saliva, urine, stool, body swabs, capsule swabs, SpaceX Dragon capsule HEPA filter, and skin biopsies. Venous whole blood was further processed to obtain aliquots of serum, plasma, extracellular vesicles and particles, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells. In total, 2,911 sample aliquots were shipped to our central lab at Weill Cornell Medicine for downstream assays and biobanking. This paper provides an overview of the extensive biospecimen collection and highlights their processing procedures and long-term biobanking techniques, facilitating future molecular tests and evaluations.As such, this study details a robust framework for obtaining and preserving high-quality human, microbial, and environmental samples for aerospace medicine in the Space Omics and Medical Atlas (SOMA) initiative, which can aid future human spaceflight and space biology experiments. Here the authors provide the biospecimen collection methodology from the SpaceX Inspiration4 mission, including venous blood, capillary blood, saliva, urine, stool, skin biopsy, body swab, and environmental swab samples.