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Mannitol mediates the mummification behavior of Thitarodes xiaojinensis larvae infected with Ophiocordyceps sinensis
Parasites can facilitate their own spread and reproduction by manipulating insect hosts behavior, as seen in the interaction between and . Infection by leads to the mummification of larvae, but the underlying mechanisms remain mysterious. The morphology of infected larvae and fungal growth were firs...
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| Published in: | Frontiers in microbiology 2024-08, Vol.15, p.1411645 |
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| Language: | English |
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| container_start_page | 1411645 |
| container_title | Frontiers in microbiology |
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| creator | Chai, Wenmin Mao, Xianbing Li, Chunfeng Zhu, Liancai He, Zongyi Wang, Bochu |
| description | Parasites can facilitate their own spread and reproduction by manipulating insect hosts behavior, as seen in the interaction between
and
. Infection by
leads to the mummification of
larvae, but the underlying mechanisms remain mysterious.
The morphology of
infected larvae and fungal growth were first observed. Subsequently, the metabolite changes in the larvae before and after infection with the fungus were analyzed by LC/MS and targeted metabolomics. The expression of mannitol-related genes was detected using RT-qPCR, and morphological changes in larvae were observed after injection of different concentrations of mannitol into the
-infected larvae.
Significant changes were found in phenotype, fungal morphology in hemocoel, larval hardness, and mannitol metabolites in infected, mummified 0 h larvae and larvae 5 days after mummification behavior. Surprisingly, the occurrence of mummification behavior was accompanied by fungal dimorphism, as well as the absence of mannitol in both infected and non-infected larvae, until the initial accumulation of mannitol and the expression of mannitol-associated genes occurred at the time of mummification behavior. The presence of mannitol may promote fungal dimorphism to mediate changes in fungal toxicity or resistance, leading to the end of the fungus-insect coexistence period and the incidence of mummification behavior. Furthermore, mannitol injections increase the mummification rate of the infected larvae without significant difference from the normal mummification phenotype.
This finding suggests the importance of mannitol in the mummification of host larvae infected with
. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1411645 |
| format | article |
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and
. Infection by
leads to the mummification of
larvae, but the underlying mechanisms remain mysterious.
The morphology of
infected larvae and fungal growth were first observed. Subsequently, the metabolite changes in the larvae before and after infection with the fungus were analyzed by LC/MS and targeted metabolomics. The expression of mannitol-related genes was detected using RT-qPCR, and morphological changes in larvae were observed after injection of different concentrations of mannitol into the
-infected larvae.
Significant changes were found in phenotype, fungal morphology in hemocoel, larval hardness, and mannitol metabolites in infected, mummified 0 h larvae and larvae 5 days after mummification behavior. Surprisingly, the occurrence of mummification behavior was accompanied by fungal dimorphism, as well as the absence of mannitol in both infected and non-infected larvae, until the initial accumulation of mannitol and the expression of mannitol-associated genes occurred at the time of mummification behavior. The presence of mannitol may promote fungal dimorphism to mediate changes in fungal toxicity or resistance, leading to the end of the fungus-insect coexistence period and the incidence of mummification behavior. Furthermore, mannitol injections increase the mummification rate of the infected larvae without significant difference from the normal mummification phenotype.
This finding suggests the importance of mannitol in the mummification of host larvae infected with
.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1664-302X</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1664-302X</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1411645</identifier><identifier>PMID: 39224221</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Switzerland: Frontiers Media S.A</publisher><subject>mannitol ; metabolic components ; Microbiology ; mummification ; Ophiocordyceps sinensis ; Thitarodes xiaojinensis</subject><ispartof>Frontiers in microbiology, 2024-08, Vol.15, p.1411645</ispartof><rights>Copyright © 2024 Chai, Mao, Li, Zhu, He and Wang.</rights><rights>Copyright © 2024 Chai, Mao, Li, Zhu, He and Wang. 2024 Chai, Mao, Li, Zhu, He and Wang</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11368059/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11368059/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,885,27924,27925,53791,53793</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39224221$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Chai, Wenmin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mao, Xianbing</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Li, Chunfeng</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhu, Liancai</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>He, Zongyi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Bochu</creatorcontrib><title>Mannitol mediates the mummification behavior of Thitarodes xiaojinensis larvae infected with Ophiocordyceps sinensis</title><title>Frontiers in microbiology</title><addtitle>Front Microbiol</addtitle><description>Parasites can facilitate their own spread and reproduction by manipulating insect hosts behavior, as seen in the interaction between
and
. Infection by
leads to the mummification of
larvae, but the underlying mechanisms remain mysterious.
The morphology of
infected larvae and fungal growth were first observed. Subsequently, the metabolite changes in the larvae before and after infection with the fungus were analyzed by LC/MS and targeted metabolomics. The expression of mannitol-related genes was detected using RT-qPCR, and morphological changes in larvae were observed after injection of different concentrations of mannitol into the
-infected larvae.
Significant changes were found in phenotype, fungal morphology in hemocoel, larval hardness, and mannitol metabolites in infected, mummified 0 h larvae and larvae 5 days after mummification behavior. Surprisingly, the occurrence of mummification behavior was accompanied by fungal dimorphism, as well as the absence of mannitol in both infected and non-infected larvae, until the initial accumulation of mannitol and the expression of mannitol-associated genes occurred at the time of mummification behavior. The presence of mannitol may promote fungal dimorphism to mediate changes in fungal toxicity or resistance, leading to the end of the fungus-insect coexistence period and the incidence of mummification behavior. Furthermore, mannitol injections increase the mummification rate of the infected larvae without significant difference from the normal mummification phenotype.
This finding suggests the importance of mannitol in the mummification of host larvae infected with
.</description><subject>mannitol</subject><subject>metabolic components</subject><subject>Microbiology</subject><subject>mummification</subject><subject>Ophiocordyceps sinensis</subject><subject>Thitarodes xiaojinensis</subject><issn>1664-302X</issn><issn>1664-302X</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2024</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNpVkU1vFDEMhkcIRKvSP8AB5chll3zObE4IVUArFfVSJG4jT-J0vJqZLEl2S_89Ubug1gfbsl89lu2meS_4WqmN_RRmcsNacqnXQgvRavOqORVtq1eKy1-vn-UnzXnOW15Nc1n92-ZEWSm1lOK0KT9gWajEic3oCQpmVkZk836eKZCDQnFhA45woJhYDOx2pAIp-ir8QxC3tOCSKbMJ0gGQ0RLQFfTsnsrIbnYjRReTf3C4yywfxe-aNwGmjOfHeNb8_Pb19uJydX3z_eriy_XKK96VleSGe2idRTRtwI2XpuOuRaG41hwdWtu1foBQZXWvTjkFhptgBdRzAFdnzdUT10fY9rtEM6SHPgL1j4WY7npIhdyE_SCttFpDFwavpQib0ErVucH4ylUIlfX5ibXbD_VUDpeSYHoBfdlZaOzv4qEXQrUbbmwlfDwSUvy9x1z6mbLDaYIF4z73SnAuO2mNqdIPz4f9n_Lvb-ov9yOfhQ</recordid><startdate>20240819</startdate><enddate>20240819</enddate><creator>Chai, Wenmin</creator><creator>Mao, Xianbing</creator><creator>Li, Chunfeng</creator><creator>Zhu, Liancai</creator><creator>He, Zongyi</creator><creator>Wang, Bochu</creator><general>Frontiers Media S.A</general><scope>NPM</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><scope>DOA</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20240819</creationdate><title>Mannitol mediates the mummification behavior of Thitarodes xiaojinensis larvae infected with Ophiocordyceps sinensis</title><author>Chai, Wenmin ; Mao, Xianbing ; Li, Chunfeng ; Zhu, Liancai ; He, Zongyi ; Wang, Bochu</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-d307t-2050da6c9ee56fe8d2570c6e130440ece9976dbaf50d00073c3a505f91a645a03</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2024</creationdate><topic>mannitol</topic><topic>metabolic components</topic><topic>Microbiology</topic><topic>mummification</topic><topic>Ophiocordyceps sinensis</topic><topic>Thitarodes xiaojinensis</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Chai, Wenmin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mao, Xianbing</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Li, Chunfeng</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhu, Liancai</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>He, Zongyi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Bochu</creatorcontrib><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>Frontiers in microbiology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Chai, Wenmin</au><au>Mao, Xianbing</au><au>Li, Chunfeng</au><au>Zhu, Liancai</au><au>He, Zongyi</au><au>Wang, Bochu</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Mannitol mediates the mummification behavior of Thitarodes xiaojinensis larvae infected with Ophiocordyceps sinensis</atitle><jtitle>Frontiers in microbiology</jtitle><addtitle>Front Microbiol</addtitle><date>2024-08-19</date><risdate>2024</risdate><volume>15</volume><spage>1411645</spage><pages>1411645-</pages><issn>1664-302X</issn><eissn>1664-302X</eissn><abstract>Parasites can facilitate their own spread and reproduction by manipulating insect hosts behavior, as seen in the interaction between
and
. Infection by
leads to the mummification of
larvae, but the underlying mechanisms remain mysterious.
The morphology of
infected larvae and fungal growth were first observed. Subsequently, the metabolite changes in the larvae before and after infection with the fungus were analyzed by LC/MS and targeted metabolomics. The expression of mannitol-related genes was detected using RT-qPCR, and morphological changes in larvae were observed after injection of different concentrations of mannitol into the
-infected larvae.
Significant changes were found in phenotype, fungal morphology in hemocoel, larval hardness, and mannitol metabolites in infected, mummified 0 h larvae and larvae 5 days after mummification behavior. Surprisingly, the occurrence of mummification behavior was accompanied by fungal dimorphism, as well as the absence of mannitol in both infected and non-infected larvae, until the initial accumulation of mannitol and the expression of mannitol-associated genes occurred at the time of mummification behavior. The presence of mannitol may promote fungal dimorphism to mediate changes in fungal toxicity or resistance, leading to the end of the fungus-insect coexistence period and the incidence of mummification behavior. Furthermore, mannitol injections increase the mummification rate of the infected larvae without significant difference from the normal mummification phenotype.
This finding suggests the importance of mannitol in the mummification of host larvae infected with
.</abstract><cop>Switzerland</cop><pub>Frontiers Media S.A</pub><pmid>39224221</pmid><doi>10.3389/fmicb.2024.1411645</doi><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | mannitol metabolic components Microbiology mummification Ophiocordyceps sinensis Thitarodes xiaojinensis |
| title | Mannitol mediates the mummification behavior of Thitarodes xiaojinensis larvae infected with Ophiocordyceps sinensis |
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